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CHAPTER
10
The Muslim World,
600–1250
Chapter Overview
Time Line
SECTION
1 The Rise of Islam
GRAPH
SECTION
2 The Spread of Islam
IMAGE
SECTION
3 Muslim Achievement
Visual Summary
QUIT
CHAPTER
10
The Muslim World,
600–1250
Chapter Overview
Islam arises in Arabia and, through conquest,
Muslims spread their empire and
Muhammad’s teachings to three continents.
Despite a split in the empire, its trade
increases and its people prosper. In cities a
variety of cultures and traditions blend, and
scholarship flourishes.
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CHAPTER
10
HOME
The Muslim World,
600–1250
Time Line
762 Muslim capital
moves to Baghdad.
600
1000s Muslim scholars, who
preserved Greek medical works,
share them with Europeans.
1250
632 Muhammad returns 800s Al-Khwarizmi
to Mecca after making
writes the first
the Hijrah to Medina.
algebra textbook.
1100s Muslim
literature flourishes.
1
HOME
The Rise of Islam
Key Idea
The Prophet Muhammad founds the religion of
Islam and helps spread its ideas throughout the
Arabian Peninsula, unifying the Arabs. Islam is
a powerful influence on all aspects of its
followers’ lives.
Overview
Assessment
1
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The Rise of Islam
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Allah
• Muhammad
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• Islam
Muhammad unified
the Arab people both
politically and through
the religion of Islam.
As the world’s fastest
growing major religion,
Islam has a strong impact
on the lives of millions
today.
• Muslim
• Hijrah
• Qur’an
• mosque
• hajj
• Sunna
• shari’a
Assessment
1
HOME
The Rise of Islam
Section
1
Assessment
1. Write at least three details about each of the following
categories: (1) events in the life of Muhammad; (2)
beliefs of Islam; and (3) sources of authority.
Islam
Events in the Life of
Muhammad
divine revelations;
Hijrah to Medina;
Mecca captured
Beliefs of Islam
Sources of Authority
one God, Allah;
Five Pillars;
rules for personal life;
tolerance of Jews and Christians
Allah;
Qur’an;
Sunna
continued . . .
1
HOME
The Rise of Islam
Section
1
Assessment
2. Explain how the beliefs and practices of Islam created
unity and strength among Muslims in the 600s. THINK ABOUT
• why individuals felt they were part of a community
• what Muslims did to carry out the Five Pillars of Islam
• how Muslims viewed the relationship between
religion and politics
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Fasting and making a pilgrimage to Mecca gave
Muslims common experiences.
• Facing Mecca to pray and giving alms reminded
individuals of their membership in a community.
End of Section 1
2
HOME
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Key Idea
Through conquest, Muslims create an empire that
stretches from Spain to India. Although the empire
later splits among different groups, its people continue
to speak Arabic and to maintain a lucrative Muslim
trade network.
Overview
Assessment
2
HOME
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• caliph
• Umayyads
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• Shi’a
In spite of internal
conflicts, the Muslims
created a huge empire
that included lands on
three continents.
Muslims’ influence on three
continents produced cultural
blending that has continued into
the modern world.
• Sunni
• Sufi
• Abbasids
• al-Andalus
• Fatimid
Assessment
2
HOME
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Section
2
Assessment
1. For each group of rulers, identify the period of their
rule and at least two developments that affected the
growth or strength of Islam during that period.
Rulers
Period of
Rule
Developments in Islam
Rightly Guided
Caliphs
632-661
Spread of Islam east and west,
tolerance of Jews and Christians
Umayyads
661-750
Split between Sunni and Shi’a,
development of Sufi movement
Abbasids
750-1258
Shift of capital to Baghdad,
growth of Muslim trade network
continued . . .
2
HOME
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Section
2
Assessment
2. How do you think Shi’a Muslims felt about the
Abbasids taking power in 750? THINK ABOUT
• how the Shi’a viewed the Umayyads
• where the Shi’a lived
• actions of Abbasids while in power
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• The Shi’a may have supported the Abbasids’
takeover because they found the Umayyads too
worldly and because both they and the Abbasids
were based in Persia.
• The Shi’a may have opposed the Abbasids’
worldly focus on trade and empire.
continued . . .
2
HOME
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Section
2
Assessment
3. What evidence supports the conclusion that the
Islamic empires were well-run? THINK ABOUT
• relationships between Muslims and non-Muslims
• efforts to promote trade
• the role of the military
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Muslims’ tolerance of non-Muslims won nonMuslims’ support.
• Well-trained, well-led Muslim armies suggest
Muslim leaders ran military affairs well.
• Muslims’ banks and single currency helped trade.
End of Section 2
3
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Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
Key Idea
Muslim society, centered in cities, benefits
from a mix of cultures and traditions.
Learning flourishes in this environment, and
Muslim scholars make important advances
in the arts and sciences.
Overview
Assessment
3
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Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• House of Wisdom
• calligraphy
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Muslims combined and
preserved the traditions of
many peoples and also
advanced learning in a
variety of areas.
Many of the ideas
developed during this time
became the basis of today’s
scientific and academic
disciplines.
Assessment
3
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Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
Section
3
Assessment
1. The key elements of Muslim culture were science
and math, urban life, arts and literature, and society.
Write three aspects about each of these elements.
Science and Math
House of Wisdom;
medical advances;
growth of math and
astronomy
Urban Life
Cities like Baghdad and
Córdoba; home to learning
centers; linked to other cities
by trade
Muslim Culture
Arts and Literature
No pictures of the prophet;
calligraphy as an art form;
poetry highly valued
Society
Four classes; protection of
women’s legal rights;
tolerance of other religions
and customs
continued . . .
3
HOME
Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
Section
3
Assessment
2. List what you consider to be the five most significant
developments in scholarship and the arts during the reign
of the Abbasids. THINK ABOUT
• reasons for each development
• immediate and practical impact
• long-term significance
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
•
•
•
•
•
Algebra
House of Wisdom
Calligraphy
Astronomy
Muslim architecture: Great Mosque of Damascus
End of Section 3