Download US Foreign Policy

US Foreign Policy
Ch 19
Topics
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History
Governmental Structures
Current Issues
Goals in FP
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Trade: promoting and/or regulating
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Defense: National Security
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Promoting environment, human
rights, good relations, cultural
exchanges.
America’s International
Relations History
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1800s: Small country expanding its
influence
1900s: US becomes a world power
Post-WWII: The UN and the Cold
War: US is a superpower
Post-Cold War: What are our goals?
1800s
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Beginnings: Isolationism
1820s: Monroe Doctrine
Manifest Destiny and Expansion
• War with Mexico 1846-48
• Oregon Treaty 1846
1900s: US becomes a world power
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The “new” Imperialism
Spanish-American war and follow-up
war in the Philippines
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe
Doctrine
Panama Canal
US becomes a world power
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World War I
• US stays out 1914-1917
• Joins 1917
• Ends Nov, 1918
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Versailles Treaty
• Wilson hopes for collective security through
League of Nations
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1920s and 30s: trend toward isolationism
World War II
• What countries are on what side?
Axis
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Japan
Italy
Germany
vs.
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Allies
UK
USSR
US
France
China
Post WWII Internationalism
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Free trade promoted in international
organizations: Bretton Woods
System
• GATT
• IMF http://www.imf.org/external/about/overview.htm
• World Bank
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/0,,pagePK:5000
4410~piPK:36602~theSitePK:29708,00.html
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United Nations
United Nations: www.un.org
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Purposes: Preamble
• http://www.un.org/en/documents/ch
arter/preamble.shtml
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Structures
• General Assembly
• Secretary General
• Security Council:
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Purposes
Who has power in it?
• Economic and Social Council
• International Court of Justice
http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structur
e/index.shtml
• Limitations of UN
UN Security Council
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15 countries
5 permanent countries with veto
power:
• US
• UK
• China
• USSR
• France
UN
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US Ambassador to
the UN :Susan Rice
http://usun.state.g
ov/
Cold War
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1946-1991
US and allies vs. USSR and allies
Ideological rivalry
• Communism vs. Democracy and
capitalism
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No direct war
Lots of proxy wars
Competition for influence and
dominance around the world
Arms race
Space race
Cold War terms and policies
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Containment
NATO and Warsaw Pact
Fighting the Cold War is the
backbone of US Foreign Policy 19451991
Cold War
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Korean and Vietnam Wars
Nuclear Deterrence and MAD
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Détente
• Nixon in China 1970s
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Human Rights as a goal
• UN Human Rights Declaration
http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
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Cold War ends 1989, 1991
New Goals?
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Human Rights as a goal
Internationalism/Multilateralism
Combating terrorism
Environment
Nukes: Which countries have them?
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons
NPT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty
Spreading Democracy
Globalization
Who makes foreign policy?
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Checks and balances in duties of
branches of gov’t
Industry
Media
Public
The Executive Branch is #1 in
foreign and military policy
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The President
• Access to and
control of
information
• Commander in
Chief of the
military
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Departments of
State, Defense,
Homeland
Security
Department of State:
http://www.state.gov/
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Foreign policy negotiations
Embassies
Economic Development
Department of Defense
http://www.defense.gov/
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Robert Gates
Army, Navy, Air
Force, Marines
Joint Chiefs
CIA
National Security
Council: advises
the president
 http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/United_States_Nati
onal_Security_Council
Department of Homeland
Security
• Cabinet department
created after the
9/11 attacks for
domestic U.S.
security
• Janet Napolitano
http://www.dhs.gov/
Congress’s role in FP
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Oversight: hearings
Appointments: hearings
Appropriations: $$
Treaties
Declaration of war
Pass laws dealing with Foreign Policy
Declaration of War: power shift
from Congress to President
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Since WWII: Korea, Vietnam, Gulf
War, Afghanistan, Iraq. How?
Congressional Resolutions and
President using power as
Commander in Chief
War Powers Act, 1973
• Pres can deploy
• Congress must approve after or troops
must return
• Not very effective
The Military Industrial Complex
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The relationship and influence of
 U.S. armed forces
 Defense industries
on
 Government
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Mostly
about: $$: Defense contracts
http://www.sonyclassics.com/whywefight/main.
html
The News Media
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Reporting and investigation
Agenda setting
Influencing public opinion
The Public
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Generally more interest in domestic over
foreign affairs
Influences FP through
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Elections
Widespread resistance or protests
Polls
Work in nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs) such as Amnesty International
Middle East map
Middle East
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World War I impacts
• Britain and France in the region
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World War II impacts
• Israel
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Cold War impacts
• Conflicts seen through “cold war glasses”
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Iran’s Shah is overthrown
• Islamic revolution
• Americans taken hostage
Middle East
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Iran-Iraq war
US tries to find a friend in the region:
Saddam Hussein
Gulf War, 1991
• Reasons Iraq took over Kuwait
• Results
Afghanistan
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The Soviet Union’s “Vietnam”
Results
map:
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/a
sia/af.htm
9/11
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What were the motives behind the
attacks?
Who was responsible?
Why did the US go to war with
Afghanistan afterwards?
Al Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden
The Taliban
The War on Terrorism
War in Iraq
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Reasons for war?
US attempted to get UN Security
Council’s OK
Congressional vote to allow the use
of force
US attacks in March, 2003
Bush Doctrine: preemptive strike
Countries
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Read classmates’ reports on
countries
If no student reports, read NY
Times topics pages on
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China
Russia
North Korea
Iran
Iraq
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Al Qaeda
Taliban
Yemen
Israel
Palestinians