Download Transport and Circulation - Jamestown Public Schools

Transport and Circulation
Ch 37
Transport
• The process by which substances move
into or out of cells.
Review-Transport Across a
Cell Membrane
• This is essential for homeostasis.
• Remember, the cell membrane is
selectively permeable.
Getting across the cell membrane
1) diffusion-movement from high to low
concentration
2) osmosis-diffusion of water
3) active transport-using energy to move
materials across membrane
When does this occur?
Review-Transport in Protists
• Materials diffuse in or out of cells based
on concentration differences.
• Or, active transport is used to keep
internal concentrations higher than
external environment.
Review-Transport in Plants
• Plants have specialized tissues
– Xylem-transports water up
– Phloem-transports food (glucose) and
nutrients up and down
Transport in Animals
• Hydra-substances diffuse into and out
of organism by active and passive
transport
• Earthworm-closed circulatory system
• Insects-open circulatory system
• Mammals-closed circulatory system
The Human Circulatory System
• Includes
– 4 chambered heart
– Network of blood
vessels
3 types of blood vessels
1) Arteries-carry blood away from heart to
organs and tissues
1) -thick walled
2) -smallest arteries are called arterioles
2) Veins-return blood to the heart
•
-thin walled
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-valves inside veins allow blood to flow in only
one direction
-smallest veins called venules
3) Capillaries-microscopic networks
connecting veins and arteries
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Heart
• Muscular organ
for pumping blood
• Made of cardiac
muscle
• Valves control the
direction of blood
flow
Heartbeat
• Caused by the alternating relaxation
and contraction of heart
– Diastole=relaxation
– Heart fills with blood
– Systole=contraction
– Blood flows out of the heart into the 2
largest arteries
» Aorta-carries blood to body tissues
» Pulmonary arteries-carries blood to lungs
Pericardium• the membrane
surrounding the
heart
Structure of heart
• -4 chambers
– 2 atria-the upper chambers
– 2 ventricles-the lower chambers
• Oxygen poor blood is on the right side
• Oxygen rich blood is on the left side
Diagram of Heart
Ideal Blood Pressure
Systole
120/80
Diastole
High blood pressure is known as Hypertension
Pulse-expansion and relaxation of arteries that can be
felt at certain pressure points
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Prevention of Heart Disease
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Don’t smoke
Reduce foods high in cholesterol
Monitor blood pressure
Limit your salt intake
Exercise regularly/avoid obesity
Manage stress
Systems related to circulation
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Lymphatic
Excretory (renal circulation)
Respiration (pulmonary circulation)
Digestive (hepatic circulation)
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.