Download Cell structures and functions

Cell
Structures
and Functions
2 Types of Cells (Pro=No
Eu=do):
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• No nucleus
• Organelles have
no membranes
• Very small
• Simple
• 4 billion yrs. old
• Has a nucleus
• Organelles have
membranes
• Much larger
• More complex
• 1 billion yrs. old
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Two Types of Prokaryotic Cells
Eubacteria:
Archebacteria:
• Common bacteria
• Smallest Cells
• No nucleus, but do
have DNA
• Similar to bacteria,
but can live in
places no other
organisms can live
(such as high salt
or high heat
environments
Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cells:
Animal Cells:
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Make up plants
Have a cell wall
Have chloroplasts
Makes its own food
(Central)Vacuoles
are large
Make up animals
Have centrioles
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Cannot make own
food
• Vacuoles are small
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Organelles
• Organelles are the tiny working
parts of cells.
• All organelles are specialized.
• All cells have organelles which
help to carry out the processes for
life
Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
• Cell membrane-the outer layer of the
cell; separates the cell from the
outside environment
• Cytoplasm-the jelly-like fluid that
takes up most of the inside of the cell;
all interior organelles are suspended
in the cytoplasm; gives the cell shape
and support
Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
• Vacuole-small in animal cell; it stores
water and other materials.
• Mitochondria-breaks down food
molecules for energy to sustain the
cell.
• Lysosome-digests food particles,
wastes, and foreign particles.
Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
• Ribosomes-where proteins are made
in the cell
• Nucleus-largest organelle in the cell;
contains DNA and is the control
center for the cell
• Nuclear Membrane-Contains most of
the animal cell organelles
Plant Cell Organelles
3 C’s
• (Central) Vacuole- Is MUCH larger in
a plant cell
• Cell Wall- Is much more rigid than
only having a cell membrane. Makes
cell look square
• Chloroplast- Uses energy from the
sun to make food; makes plants
appear green