Download Chapter 11 Genetics Final Exam Review

GENETICS
REVIEW
Chapter 11
Who is the “Father of Genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
When 2 alleles DON’T BLEND
but BOTH ALLELES ARE
EXPRESSED it is called
_______________
Codominance
Codominance
incomplete dominance
Transmission of characteristics from
parents to offspring is called
Heredity
___________________.
Genetics
_____________
is the study of how
characteristics are passed on from
one generation to the next.
Recessive
__________________
= An allele
that IS MASKED BY the
presence of another allele
The way an organism physically looks
is called
its _____________
Phenotype
Another name for heterozygous
Hybrid
The diagram at the right
Punnett square
is called a _____________
Dominant
__________________
= An allele
that MASKS the presence of
another allele
Red and white flowers producing
pink offspring is an example of
Incomplete dominance
_______________________
Codominance
incomplete dominance
A recessive gene is represented
lower case
by a _________________
letter.
lower case
upper case
What phenotypic ratio would you
expect to see in offspring from a
monohybrid cross of 2
heterozygous parents?
3:1
Dominant:Recessive
ALLELES
_______________
are different forms
of a gene for a
trait.
A dominant gene is represented by
a ____________
letter.
capital
(usually the first letter of the trait)
When a heterozygous individual shows
a blending of 2 alleles instead of one
being dominant over the other it is called
Incomplete dominance
_______________________.
When both alleles in the pair are the
SAME the organism is
HOMOZYGOUS or __________
PURE
_______________
What phenotype ratio is a clue
that there has been a dihybrid cross
between 2 heterozygous parents?
9:3:3:1
R = red flowers
r = white flowers
Red
An Rr organism would have ____________
flowers if
this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.
pink
An Rr organism would have ____________
flowers if
this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.
BOTH
red & white flowers
An Rr organism would have ______________
if this trait was CODOMINANT.
What are Mendel’s 2 laws of
heredity?
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
The offspring of the P1 generation
F1 generation
are called the ____
MEIOSIS
When homologous chromosomes form tetrads in meiosis I,
they exchange portions of their chromatids in a process
called:
CROSSING OVER
_________________________
ALLELES
Crossing-over produces new combinations of _____________
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
When both alleles in the pair are
DIFFERENT the organism is
HETEROZYGOUS or _____________
HYBRID
_________________
A cross that involves only 1 trait
monohyrid
is called a ____________
cross.
T = Tall
t = short
The genotype of the
offspring from the
Tt
cross at the right is _________.
tall
Their phenotype is _________.
Which of the following genotypes
is homozygous?
TT
TT
Ww
Bb
rr
mm
BB
rr
mm
BB
Tt
Another name for homozygous is
pure
________.
In the cross at the
right __________
red
is dominant for
flower color.
Which of the following genotypes
is from a heterozygous organism?
Tt
Tt
SS
bb
Mm
Mm
Rr
Rr
kk
The Law of Segregation and the
Law of Independent Assortment
are the result of the movement of
meiosis
chromosomes during ___________
mitosis
meiosis
Crossing a
red haired horse
with a white haired
horse produces a
roan colored horse.
(Both alleles for hair color show together).
This kind of inheritance is called
___________________
Co-dominance
Crossing individuals from the
P generation produces the
F1 generation.
____
A gene is a segment of ______.
DNA
DNA
PROTEIN
RNA
CARBOHYDRATE
L = Blue legs
l = yellow legs
An Rr organism would have ____________
legs if this
Blue
trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.
green legs if
An Rr organism would have ____________
this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.
BOTH
An Rr organism would have ______________
Blue & yellow legs if
this trait was CODOMINANT.
G
g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
The parents in this cross
Heterozygous
are _____________
Homozygous
Heterozygous
If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for
yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will
have green pods? _______%
75
B b
B
b
The genotype of the
offspring in the blue box
is _______
bb
The offspring in the blue box is
homozygous
heterozygous
homozygous
If you cross a homozygous RED flowered four o’clock
plant with a homozygous WHITE flowered plant,
ALL of the offspring produced have PINK flowers.
This type of inheritance in which the heterozygote (Rr)
shows a blending of traits is called __________.
A. Dominant/recessive inheritance
B. Co-dominance
C. Incomplete dominance
C. Incomplete dominance
R
r
r
Rr
Rr
r
rr
rr
What are the possible phenotypes of
their offspring?
(% and color)
Red throats (R) are
dominant over white (r)
throats in Goonie birds.
Make a cross between a
PURE RECESSIVE
and a
HETEROZYGOUS
Goonie bird.
50% red throats
50% white throats
B
b
B
BB
Bb
b
Bb
bb
What are the possible phenotypes of
their offspring?
(% and color)
Black eyes (B) are
dominant over red eyes
(b) in rats.
Make a cross between
two HETEROZYGOUS
rats.
75 % black eyes
25% red eyes
The parents in this cross
Homozygous
are _____________
Homozygous
Heterozygous
If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for
short wings, what percentage of these offspring will
have short wings? _______%
0%
only ww makes it short
Who is the “Father of Genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
Which of the following genotypes could
be from a HETEROZYGOUS organism?
TT
Rr
Ww
Rr
Ww
bb
XX
Ss
Ss
What kind of cross is this?
Pure dominant X pure recessive
Heterozygous X heterozygous
Heterozygous X homozygous
Hybrid recessive X hybrid pure
Heterozygous X Homozygous
hybrid
Another name for heterozygous is _______________
t
t
T
T
Tt
Tt
Tt
Tt
In Reebops curly tails
(T) are dominant over
straight tails (t).
Make a cross between a
HOMOZYGOUS
DOMINANT and a
HOMOZYGOUS
RECESSIVE Reebop.
What is the probability the offspring
0%
will have straight tails?
All will be Curly tailed (Tt)
What do we call the offspring of the
F1 generation?
F2 generation
Which of the following genotypes could
be from a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
organism?
TT
bb
bb
Rr
Ww
tt
tt
XX
aa
aa
A a
A
a
The genotype of the
offspring in the blue box
is __________________
heterozygous
homozygous
heterozygous
How many of the offspring from this cross will show
the dominant characteristic?
(75%) – AA and Aa
G g
G
g
G is dominant for green pods.
g is recessive for yellow pods.
GG Gg
gg
What is the genotype of the
offspring in the shaded box?
What is the phenotype of the
offspring in the shaded box?
Gg
Green pods
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
T Genotype determines phenotype
T Alleles are different forms of the same gene.
F Genotype is the way the genes
make you look.
T Organisms with different genotypes
can have the same phenotype.
Tt and TT both look tall
What are the 3 different kinds of
inheritance you learned about?
Dominant/recessive
Incomplete dominance
Co-dominance
Offspring of the P1 generation are called
F1
______
P
p
p
P
Pp
Pp
Pp
Pp
What will the offspring be like?
(% and color)
Purple (P)is the
dominant color for
monsters. Yellow is
recessive (p).
Make a cross between a
HOMOZYGOUS
purple and a yellow
monster.
100% purple
What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to
make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp)
mom monster?
P
?
?
p
pp
Pp
Dad needs to have:
a little p to give one to the baby
a big P to be purple himself