Download First Age of Empires - Elizabeth School District C-1

Name___________________Date_______Block___
The Egyptian and the Nubian Empires
Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt
 Invaders
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About 1640 B.C., Asian warriors, the __________, use chariots to conquer Egypt.
 Hebrews Migrate to Egypt
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______________ move to Egypt from Canaan around 1650 B.C.
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Egyptians resent the presence of Hebrews and Hyksos in Egypt.
 Expulsion and Slavery
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Egyptians drive out the hated __________________
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Hebrews lose protection of Hyksos; are enslaved.
The New Kingdom of Egypt
 Technological Advances
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About 1570 to 1075 B.C. pharaohs create the New Kingdom, a powerful empire.
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Army uses ____________________ and _____________ to conquer other lands.
 Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule
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Hatshepsut—pharaoh whose reign most noted for her trade expeditions, not
war.
 Thutmose the Empire Builder
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Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s stepson, expands Egypt’s empire.
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Invades ____________________________—region around the upper Nile River.
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Egypt is most powerful and wealthy during reign of the New Kingdom pharaohs.
 The Egyptians and the Hittites
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Around 1285 B.C. Egyptians battle the Hittites in _______________
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Egypt’s pharaoh, Ramses II, and the Hittite king sign a peace treaty.
 An Age of Builders
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New Kingdom pharaohs build great palaces, magnificent temples.
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Valley of the Kings near Thebes is home to royal tombs.
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Ramses II builds impressive temples with enormous ___________ of himself.
The Empire Declines
 Invasions by Land and Sea
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“Sea Peoples (possibly Philistines) cause great destruction in ______________.
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Libyan raids on villages and rebellions in Palestine weaken the ______________.
 Egypt’s Empire Fades
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Weakened empire breaks into smaller kingdoms.
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From around 950 B.C. to 730 B.C. Libyan pharaohs rule Egypt and erect cities.
The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region
 Egypt and Kush
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From 2000 to 1000 B.C., Egypt dominates the kingdom of Kush in Nubia.
 The People of Nubia
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Live south of ____________ near division of the Blue Nile and the White Nile.
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Nile River is a great trade route for goods and ideas.
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Nubians link Egypt and Mediterranean to African interior through trade.
 The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia
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Egyptian culture influences Nubia and beyond to southern Africa.
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About 1200 B.C., Nubia gains independence but keeps _____________ culture.
 Piankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne
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In 751 B.C., Kushite king Piankhi conquers Egypt, ousts Libyans.
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Assyrians overcome Kushites and take Egypt.
The Golden Age of Meroë
 Meroë
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Kushites settle in Meroë; join in trade with Africa, Arabia, and India
 The Wealth of Kush
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Meroë becomes important center of ______________________ and tools
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Iron products transported to Red Sea, exchanged for luxury goods.
 The Decline of Meroë
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Meroë thrives from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150, then declines.
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Aksum, 400 miles southeast, ________________ North African trade.
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Askum has port on the Red Sea, and defeats Meroë in A.D. 350.
THE ASSYRIAN (700-612 BCE) AND PERSIAN (559-360 BCE)
EMPIRES
ASSYRIA (700-612 BCE)
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_____________________-speaking people
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Used ____________________ to establish an empire
GOVERNMENT
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Ruled by kings with _____________________________
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Well-organized
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Officials developed an efficient communication system
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Sargon II was the most important leader
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
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Created one of the world’s finest libraries at Nineveh: ______________________
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Established Aramaic as official language
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Effective military
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Assyrians had the first large armies equipped with iron weapons
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Used guerilla warfare, various siege tactics, and terror
FALL OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
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The Chaldeans and Medes (people who lived in the east) joined together to conquer the
Assyrians
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The fall of Nineveh preceded the fall of the Assyrian Empire
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They divided the _______________
BETWEEN THE EMPIRES
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Nebuchadnezzar
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Chaldean King
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Made Babylonia the strongest city in ___________________
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Famous hanging gardens
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Babylon fell to the Persians in 539 BC
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This marked the end of the Mesopotamian empires
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Persians adopted Assyrian military, political and artistic inventions
PERSIA (559 BCE- 360 BCE)
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Persians
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_____________________________ who lived in modern Iran
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Mostly nomadic
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Eventually united by one family (Achaemenids)
Contemporaries of Greeks
Persian Empire was massive and grew larger than the prior ________________ empires
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Established durable political and cultural traditions
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Fertile _____________and thriving _____________
CYRUS THE GREAT – 559 BC
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Created a powerful state through _______________
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Indus River to Anatolia
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Demonstrated ______________________________________________________
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Had a genuine respect for other cultures and practiced tolerance of local customs
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Respected temples
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___________returned to Jerusalem
DARIUS – 521 BCE
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Bodyguard for Cambyses (son of Cyrus) and one of the Ten Thousand Immortals
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Conqueror
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Added part of _____________ to Persian Empire
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Conquered Thrace (in Europe)
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Invaded Greek mainland
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Halted at the Battle of Marathon
Created world’s largest _______________ at that time
Government
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Strengthened
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Divided empire into 20 ethnic provinces
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Satraps: Governor
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Homelands
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Created efficient communication system
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Like the Assyrians, Darius had a secret spy force – “King’s Eyes and Ears”
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The King had the power of life and death
Military
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Empire’s power depended upon the ___________________
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Included standing army of professional soldiers
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cavalry and infantry
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Effective _________________________
XERXES
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Son of _________________
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Stopped rebellion in Egypt and attacked Greece
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Greece
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Battle of Thermopylae
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Battle of Salamis
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Was defeated and returned to Persia
ZOROASTRIANISM
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Persian religion Named after its prophet -- ___________________________
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Tenets
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Proto-Monotheistic: Ahura Mazda
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Humans play a role in the struggle between ________________________
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Humans are given the freedom to choose between __________________
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Modern Paris
FALL OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE
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Kings became isolated and focused on obtaining luxuries, following Darius
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Struggles over the throne weakened the ___________________
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Family problems
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Eventually defeated by ______________________________________