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DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!!!!!! Unit 2 Chapter 3-6 Write the letter of the term in the space provided on the scantron that best answers the question or completes the statement. _____ 1. A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving environment is a (an): a. population b. community c. ecosystem d. biome _____ 2. Organisms that can capture energy and produce food are known as a. consumers b. autotrophs c. heterotrophs d. omnivores _____ 3. The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called a. economy b. modeling c. recycling d. ecology _____ 4. The combined portions of the Earth in which all living things exist is called a. biome b. community c. ecosystem d. biosphere _____ 5. All the members of a particular species that live in the same area are called a (an) a. biome b. population c. community d. ecosystem _____ 6. Green plants are a. producers b. consumers c. herbivores d. omnivores _____ 7. What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems a. carbohydrates b. sunlight c. water d. carbon _____ 8. An organism that cannot make its own food is called a (an) a. heterotroph b. chemotroph c. autotroph d. producer _____ 9. Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are called a. decomposers b. omnivores c. autotrophs d. producers _____10. What is an organism that feeds only on plants? a. carnivore b. herbivore c. omnivore d. detritivore _____11. Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by a. humans b. plants c. bacteria d. consumers _____ 12. Organism need nutrients to a. use hydrogen and oxygen c. recycle chemical compounds b. carry out essential life functions d. carry out nitrogen fixation _____13. A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities is called a (an) a. biome b. population c. biomass d. chain _____14. Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is a. used in reproduction b. stored as body tissue c. stored as fat d. eliminated as heat _____15. Algae at the beginning of a food chain are a. consumers b. decomposers c. producers d. heterotrophs _____16. An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a (an) a. heterotroph b. consumer c. detritivore d. autotroph _____17. What animals eat both producers and consumers? a. herbivores b. omnivores c. chemotrophs d. autotrophs _____18. The process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia is a. nitrogen fixation b. excretion c. respiration d. denitrification _____19. Water can enter the atmosphere through the processes of evaporation and a. excretion b. transpiration c. translocation d. interpretation _____ 20. The average conditions of temperature and precipitation over a long period of time in a particular region is the region’s a. weather b. latitude c. ecosystem d. climate _____ 21. The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in a. global wind and current patterns b. glacier melting c. unequal heat distribution d. climate zones _____ 22. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor in the environment? a. plant life b. soil type c. rainfall d. temperature _____ 23. An organism’s niche is a. the way the organism uses the physical and biological conditions in which it lives b. all the physical factors in the organism’s environment c. the range of temperatures that the organisms needs to survive d. a full description of the place an organism lives _____ 24. An interaction where one organism captures & feeds on another organism is a. competition b. symbiosis c. mutualism d. predation _____ 25. Symbiosis in which both species benefit is called a. commensalism b. mutualism c. predation d. parasitism _____26. Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost? a. desert b. temperate forest c. tundra d. tropical dry forest _____27. Organisms that use inorganic compounds to make their own food use this processa. photosynthesis b. chemosynthesis c. protein synthesis d. respiration _____28. The energy of incoming___________drives Earth’s weather and helps to determine climate a. sunlight b. precipitation c. volcanoes d. tsunami _____29. Atmospheric gases that trap heat inside earth’s atmosphere are called a. the stratosphere b. greenhouse gases c. nitrogen fixation d, photosynthesis _____30. a. b. c. d. What is the main difference in primary and secondary succession? primary succession is slow and secondary is rapid secondary succession begins on soil and primary begins on newly exposed surfaces primary succession modifies the environment and secondary succession does not secondary succession begins with lichens and primary begins with trees _____31. ______________ is the condition of the air on a daily basis. a. climate b. succession c. weather d. symbiosis _____32. _____39. Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation? a. tropical rain forest and temperate grassland b. tropical savanna and tropical dry forest c. tundra and desert d. boreal forest and temperate woodland _____40. There are 150 Saguaro cacti plants per square kilometer in a certain area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer? a. growth rate b. geographic distribution c. age structure d. population density _____41. What can cause a population to grow? a. The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate b. The birthrate stays the same, and the death rate increases. c. The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate d. The birthrate and the death rate remain the same. ____42. When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it produces a growth pattern called a. logistic growth b. growth density c. demographic growth d. exponential growth ____43. What are two ways a population can decrease in size? a. immigration and emigration b. increased birthrate and immigration c. decreased birthrate and emigration d. emigration and increased birthrate _____ 44. As resources in a population become less available, population growth a. becomes negative b. increases slowly c. reaches carrying capacity d. enters a phase of exponential growth, _____45. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the a. death rate may rise b. birthrate may rise c. population will grow faster d. carrying capacity will change _____46. The movement of organisms into a given area from another area is called a. rotation b. immigration c. emigration d. degradation _____47. When the birthrate in a population becomes higher than the death rate, the population growth rate a. increases b. decreases c. levels off d. decreases, then levels off _____48. Which of the following describes the largest number of individuals than an environment can support? a. carrying capacity b. immigration c. emigration d. exponential growth _____49. Which of the following is a density-independent factor? a. earthquake b. disease c. emigration d. parasitism _____50. Demography is the scientific study of a. parasitism b. modernized countries c. human population d. economic transitions _____51. The number of individual per unit area is a population’s a. density b. propensity c. capacity d. demography _____52. Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will grow a. exponentially b. differentially c. ideally e. royally _____53. A diagram that graphs the number of people of different age groups in the population is called a (an) a. age-structure diagram b. j-shaped curve c. people curve diagram d. demographics diagram _____ 54. Which is a way to limit deforestation? a. use more wood products b. plant and harvest trees on tree farms c. increase carbon dioxide levels d. fertilize soil _____ 56. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form a. ozone b. ammonia c. acid rain d. CFC’s ( chlorofluorocarbons) _____ 57. The number of different species in the biosphere is called a. biodiversity b. ecosystem diversity c. genetic diversity d. species diversity _____58. Some scientists think that global warming is a. a natural variation in climate c. melting the polar ice caps _____59. An endangered species is a. a diseased animal c. a group of organisms near extinction b. a result of human activity d. all of these b. a dangerous predator d. all organisms at the top of the food chain _____60. An increase in Earth’s average temperature from the buildup of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere is called a. the greenhouse effect b. ozone depletion c. global warming d. particulate dispersal _____61. When settlers arrived in New England many forests were turned into fields. Eventually, some fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. This is best described as a. primary succession b. coevolution c. secondary succession d.niche _____62. When an organisms habitat is cut into fragments, the population is a. more likely to reproduce b. likely to decrease in size c. more stable Use the two graphs below to answer question # 63GRAPH A GRAPH B _____63. Which graph shows exponential growth under ideal conditions? A. Graph A B. Graph B C. None of the above ____64. Which graph shows logistic growth under ideal conditions? A. Graph B. Graph B C. None of the above _____65. What does the K in Graph A refer to? a. primary succession b. carrying capacity c. Kool-Aid d. density 66. What would be an example of a density-dependent limiting factor? A. Human disturbance C. Natural disaster B. Food supply D. None of the above 67. An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called _____. A. Competition C. Mutualism B. Symbiosis D. Predation 68. A bird stalks, kills & eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological term describes the bird? A. Herbivore, decomposer C. Carnivore, consumer B. Producer, heterotroph D. Autotroph, herbivore 69. Which of the following is NOT completely recycled in the biosphere? (HINT: some is lost due to the 10% rule.) A. Water C. Carbon B. Nitrogen D. Energy 70. Which organization of an ecosystem is correct? (smallest to largest) A. Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere B. Biome, organism, biosphere, population, community, ecosystem C. Community, biome, population, ecosystem, biosphere, organism D. Biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism 71. Which is an example of an ABIOTIC factor in the environment? A. Tree B. Sunlight C. Animal D. Flower 72. A dung beetle’s job is to break down animal feces. The beetle’s job is referred to as its _____. A. Niche C. Career B. Habitat D. Community 73. A fire destroys a forest community. Which statement is FALSE? A. Lichens/grasses/weeds will be the pioneer species B. This is an example of primary succession C. Hardwood trees will be the climax community D. Nothing can live in this area again 74 . A population of tree frogs have reached their carrying capacity in a given ecosystem. What does this mean? A. Pregnant females are carrying the maximum amount of eggs B. The total number of offspring parents can have has been met C. The frog numbers have reached the total number this ecosystem can support D. The birth rate equals the death rate