Download Organs of Higher Order Animals

Organs of Higher Order
Animals
Packet #55
Chapter #
Introduction
 Higher order animals, such as humans, contain multiple
organs.
 This packet investigates some of those organs.
Brain
 Concentration of nerve
tissue in the front or upper
end of an animal's body.
 It handles sensory
information, controls
motion, is vital to
instinctive acts, and in
higher vertebrates is the
centre of learning.
Heart
 Organ that pumps blood,
circulating it to all parts of
the body. The human heart
is a four-chambered double
pump with its right and left
sides fully separated by a
septum and subdivided on
both sides into an atrium
above and a ventricle
below.
Kidney
 One of a pair of organs that
maintain water balance and
expel metabolic wastes.
Bladder
 The bladder is a storage
vessel for urine and is lined
by a special waterproof
skin.
Liver
 Largest gland in the body,
with several lobes.
 It secretes bile;
metabolizes proteins,
carbohydrates, and fats;
stores glycogen, vitamins,
and other substances;
synthesizes coagulation
factors; removes wastes
and toxic matter from the
blood; regulates blood
volume; and destroys old
red blood cells.
Lung
 Either of two spongy,
saclike respiratory organs
in most vertebrates,
occupying the chest cavity
together with the heart and
functioning to remove
carbon dioxide from the
blood and provide it with
oxygen.
 A similar organ in some
invertebrates, including
spiders and terrestrial
snails.
Pancreas
 A long, irregularly shaped
gland in vertebrates, lying
behind the stomach, that
secretes pancreatic juice
into the duodenum and
insulin, glucagon, and
somatostatin into the
bloodstream.
Gallbladder
 A small, pear-shaped
muscular sac, located
under the right lobe of the
liver, in which bile secreted
by the liver is stored until
needed by the body for
digestion.
Stomach
 Digestive sac in the left
upper abdominal cavity,
which expands or contracts
with the amount of food in
it.
Intestines
 Muscular hoselike portion
of the gastrointestinal tract
extending from the lower
end of the stomach
(pylorus) to the anal
opening.
 It is not only an organ of
digestion (for that part of
the process not completed
by the stomach) but is the
chief organ of absorption.
Spleen
 Lymphoid organ, located in
the left side of the
abdomen behind the
stomach.
 The spleen is the primary
filtering element for the
blood, and it is a storage
site for red blood cells
(erythrocytes) and
platelets.
Ovary & Uterus

In zoology, the female reproductive
organ that produces eggs and sex
hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

The uterus is an inverted-pear-shaped
organ of the female reproductive
system, in which the embryo and fetus
develop during pregnancy.
Penis & Testes
 The penis is the male sex
organ, which also provides
the channel for urine to
leave the body.
 The testes are the male
reproductive organs that
are oval-shaped, produce
sperm and androgens
(mainly testosterone) and
are contained in a sac
(scrotum) behind the penis.
Skin
 Skin, the largest organ in
the body, that acts as a
physical barrier between
the organism and its
external environment,
prevents water loss in dry
conditions, hydration in
humid or aquatic
environments, and access
to the body by microbes,
and screening the harmful
effects of ultraviolet rays
of the sun.
Other Organs
 Pituitary Gland
 Thyroid
 Adrenal Gland
 Homework
 What are the functions of
those glands?