Download Islam - TwinsburgWorldHistory

By: Jackie Nietert
&
Josh Oleksiak
• Video about Islam
Shahadah
•Basic confession of faith
•Said many times daily
•“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the
prophet of Allah”
•2nd part sums up the Muslim principle of revelation
•Confess Muhammad is prophet of Allah, confess
Quran verses are word of Allah
Salat
•Second pillar of Islam
•Pray five times a day, at daybreak, noon, midafternoon, sunset, and before bed
•Made up of prescribed ritual washings and portions
of the Quran to be recited in Arabic
•1st surah is always recited
•Every Friday must perform Salat in communal
setting with imam (teacher)
Zakat
•Third pillar
•Almsgiving
•Islam regards all wealth as belonging to god
•Every Muslim has to give 2 and a half
percent of his wealth
•Zakat means “sweetening”
Sawm
•Fourth pillar
•Fasting
•Fast during month of Ramadan
•Ramadan is the month in which Muhammad obtained his 1st
revelation
•Every adult Muslim has to abstain from food, drink, and sexual
intercourse dawn to sunset for entire month
•Fasting is done to increase self-discipline and for the praise of
Allah
Hajj
•Fifth pillar
•Pilgrimage to Mecca
•During the first to twelfth days of the last month of the
year
•Only if you have the money to make trip, and have paid
Zakat
•Pilgrimage includes: visiting the great mosque, kissing the
Black Stone, and circling the Kabah seven times
•Purpose is to strengthen a Muslim’s faith
Muhammad
•Preached that there is only one god
•Claimed Islam is the only true religion
•Declared himself a prophet and messenger
of God
•Claimed that his revelations were the
eternal, unalterable, and perfect word of god
Quran
•Final recordings of Muhammad’s revelations
from the Angel Gabriel
•Written in 650 A.D.
•In perfect Arabic
•Contains 114 chapter, arranged from longest
to shortest in length
Hadith
•Means “story; tradition”
•Sayings and actions of Muhammad
•Also actions and sayings of his close
followers
•When the Quran does not give guidance for
a specific situation, the Hadith is used
Shariah
•Law of Islam
•Combines Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic laws
and codes of ethics
•In countries where Islam is dominant, Shariah is
the governing law
•Allows no separation from the sacred and the
worldly
•Major turning point:
•Sunni Shia split
Sunni Shia Split
•Division goes back to after
Muhammad died
•Disagreement over who should
succeed Muhammad
•Shia support Ali and say that all
caliphs need to be descendants of
Muhammad
•Sunni believe that new caliphs just
need to follow the sunnah
•Largest group of Muslims
•Makes up 85% of all Muslims
•Follow approved path of Muhammad
•Recognize first four caliphs
•Attribute no special religious function
to descendants of Muhammad
•Dominant in Egypt, Saudi Arabia,
Indonesia, and Pakistan
•Makes up 15% of Muslims
•Support Ali as first caliph
•Says every caliph after Ali needs to
be descendant of Muhammad
•Recognize only exceptional Islam
teachers as Imams
•Dominant Muslim group in Iran, Iraq,
and parts of Africa
•First caliph Abu Bakr
•Said there was no distinction
between Zakat and Salat
•Collected and wrote down the
verses of the Quran
•Died August 23, 634 A.D.
•Was buried next to Muhammad
•Second caliph Umar
•At first was not Islamic, he beat his sister
when he found out she was Islamic
•Changed to Islam after reading the Quran
•Would walk around Medina to see if
anyone had problems
•Prayed at a normal mosque, hard to
distinguish him from commoners
•Died in 24 A.H
•Third caliph Uthman
• Was friends with Abu Bakr, who
brought him to Islam
•Fasted every second of third day
•Completed the Quran, and made
many copies
•Was killed by Jewish rebels while
saying a Quran verse
•Fourth caliph Alee
•Cousin of Muhammad
•Moved the Islamic capital to Iraq
•Went hungry while being the leader
of Islam
•Very generous
•Died on 40 A.H. by an assassin with
a poisoned sword
•3 of the 4 caliphs were assassinated by
rebels or people of another religion
•Caused Jews and Magians to rebel within
the caliphate
•Performed a siege on Uthman’s house
•Battle between Alee (fourth caliph) and
Aaisah(Muhammad’s widow)
•Kharijites claimed there should be no leader
but Allah, attempted to kill all leaders, only
succeeding in killing Alee
•After Muhammad died, the religion
split into Sunni and Shia
•When Uthman, the third caliph, got
assassinated, it started a civil war
•Between Ali and the Kharajites
•Ended when Ali was murdered
•At the end of the 15th century, the Muslim
world was different from the beginning
•No single state could be identified
•No longer a faith identified with one
region
•Became universal and more
multinational
•Islamic resurgence in the 1970s
•Islamic revolution in Iran
•Opposition to the rule of the shah
•Ali Shariati, a main opposition to the shah,
died in 1978 of mysterious conditions
•Wanted a new government like an Islamic
Marxism
•In 1980s and 1990s, Islamic activist
movements changed radically
•Political Islam had become an
important part of mainstream politics
•Threat of Islamic groups in Algeria and
Tunisia were that they could get the
majority through democratic processes
•Current estimates by the Pew Forum
are that there are 1.57 billion Muslims
in the world
•1.1 million to 7 million of the Muslims
live in the United States of America
•About 23% of the world follows Islam
•People who use violence and terror in
the name of Islam are hypocrites,
criminals, and heretics
•Contradict the teachings of
Muhammad
•Specific prohibition in Islamic law that
bans killing by stealth
•Islamic terrorists have destroyed cars, buildings,
and planes
•Muslim terrorists have murdered tens of
thousands of men, women, and children
•One half of all terrorists are Islamic
•Muhammad said “kill any Jew that comes under
your power”
•Islamic history shows that as Muslims grew in
power, their violence changed to outright warfare
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