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METER A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. FOOT A meter’s basic unit Consists of one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables. 4 BASIC METRICAL FEET IAMB TROCHEE ANAPEST DACTYL IAMB (˘´ ) Unstressed/stressed ˘ ´ Re lief TROCHEE (´˘ ) stressed/unstressed ´ ˘ ap ple ANAPEST (˘˘´) unstressed/unstressed/str essed ˘ in ˘ ´ tro duce DACTYL (´˘˘ ) stressed/unstressed/ unstressed ´ ˘ ˘ Broc co li SPONDEE (´´) Double stress CAESURA (ll) pause SCANSION Analysis of poetic meter –Identify different types of feet used in each line then count them.2nd Types of meter Dimeter = 2 feet per line Trimeter= 3 feet per line Tetrameter= 4 per line Pentameter = 5 Hexameter = 6 Few poems are written with exact meter throughout the entire poem Perception of meter also varies with the reader The dominant meter can generally be recognized Identify the metrical foot Best of all, victory! I bought a car today. Look for hidden pitfalls. In the cool of the night Answers: Dactyl Iamb Trochee Anapest Edmund Spenser Regarded himself as primarily a poet Lived in war-torn Ireland Wrote The Faerie Queene and Amoretti Infant son killed in a raid by Irishmen who detested the presence of Englishmen in Ireland Buried in Westminster near Chaucer in the poets’ corner Chaucer, Spenser and Milton are regarded as England’s greatest non-dramatic poets. Paradox An apparent contradiction that is somehow true. Conceit A fanciful and elaborate figure of speech that makes a surprising connection between two seemingly dissimilar things. –Ex. Love of Blaze compared to a baited hook. Sonnet 30 What is the paradox stated? Poet compares his love for a woman to a BLAZING fire And compares her rejection of his love to ice. What makes it a paradox? If he is like fire, why then can he not melt her cold heart, but instead, she gets colder toward him. Also, if she is like ice, why then does his love for her grow hotter, not cooler with her rejection? Answer: Love is so powerful that it can alter the laws of nature. Couplet Two consecutive rhyming lines of poetry. –Answer to sonnet 30 comes in the form of a couplet. Sonnet 75 Speaker describes writing his love’s name in the sand and seeing the waves wash it away twice. When she protests that it is futile to try to immortalize anything mortal, he promises to make her name and their love live forever through his verse (eternizing conceit). Conceit A fanciful and elaborate figure of speech that makes a surprising connection between two seemingly dissimilar things. Eternizing Conceit A conceit meant to immortalize someone/thing in words such as a poem. Petrarchan Sonnet 14 lines of rhymed iambic pentameter, organized in two stanzas One stanza has 8 lines (octave) One stanza has 6 lines (sestet) Octave is in the rhyming pattern of abbaabba Sestet is in the rhyming pattern of cdecde Octave describes a situation or a problem Sestet describes a change in the situation or a solution to the problem Turn The change in the situation is called the TURN. English Sonnet Originated during the Renaissance. Two forms of the English sonnet are the Shakespearean and the Spenserian. Spenserian sonnet Consists of 3 four line stanzas (quatrains) and a concluding couplet. Spenserian sonnet Rhyme scheme is abab bcbc cdcd ee In the Faerie Queen Spenser used the rhyming scheme ababbcbcc with the last line having an extra foot making it a hexameter- this is also called an ALEXANDRINE The Spenserian Stanza The nine-line iambic stanza which had only 3 rhymes with the last line having an extra foot was now called the Spenserian Stanza. Faerie – suggests grand, heroic beings whose superhuman powers come from their own virtue and piety. Who is the Faerie Queen? Gloriana, an idealized portrait of Queen Elizabeth The Faerie Queen as an Allegory Meant to be an allegory, Spenser intended to create 12 books, with each leading character serving as the embodiment of one virtue or quality. The Characters The RedCross Knight – mankind Duessa- Falsehood Una - Truth Sonnet 18 pg 224 Is a Shakespearean sonnet written in the rhyming format abab cdcd efef gg Logical Organization The first two quatrains ask a question and give tentative answers The turn comes after line 8 with a second turn coming after line 12 The couplet is the final answer to the question. The second turn is a final summary meant to have a great impact, such as successfully immortalizing the object. Eternizing Conceit A conceit meant to immortalize someone/thing in words such as a poem. COMPLETE THE QUICKWRITE ON PAGE 225 AND TURN IN FOR A GRADE. Sonnet 116 Love is defined as a “marriage of true minds” It tells what love is and what it is not. Love is… –Unalterable –Is an “ever-fixed mark” Love is not… –Not Time’s fool Synecdoche A figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole. –What is the synecdoche in this poem? Rosy lips and cheeks – represent health and youth. Allusion What is alluded to in this poem? –The grim reaper with his sickle. Sonnet 130 With humor, the speaker describes his beloved, who he says is nothing like The red-lipped, rosy-cheeked, sweet-voiced damsels of typical love poetry; instead, she is an Ordinary mortal. The speaker makes it clear though that it is not his true love that disappoints him, But rather the gushing love poetry with conventional sentiments about beauty. Remember… Such metaphors are known as conceits Carpe Diem Means “seize the day” Literary theme that urges living in the present moment. Pastoral From the Latin word for, “pastor”, and meaning, “shepherd” are works set in an idealized countryside with characters that Are often blends of the naïve and the sophisticated. The Passionate Sheperd to His Love What makes it a pastoral? It shows none of the hardships of farm life. How is the speaker offering the suggestion to “seize the day”? He is offering many delights to tempt his love in the hope that she will spontaneously go with him. The Nymph’s Reply to the Sheperd Nymph means, “young woman” How does the nymph’s view of life differ from the shepherd's view? The nymph points out the flaws in his vision of life, focusing on the negatives such as age and fall and winter. How is the “carpe diem” theme satirized by this poet? He makes the shepherd's offers seem unrealistic, impossible and ridiculous. Metaphysical Conceit Especially complex and ingenious figures of speech that make surprising connections between two seemingly dissimilar things. Hyperbole Extreme exaggeration Valediction: … In this poem, a husband is bidding his wife farewell. He forbids her to mourn his leaving on a journey. The first 8 lines urge her to behave with quiet dignity when they part, just like virtuous people die without drama or display. Metaphysical imagery is used to describe their relationship as a union of souls so complete that distance cannot separate them. What is the conceit? Lines 25-28 The two people compared to the legs of a compass. While one is fixed and unmoving, the other circles around, but always in relation to the fixed person. Death be Not Proud The speaker taunts Death, saying Death does not kill and that Death itself will die– because Death is the soul’s deliverance into eternal life. Death is also the slave of “fate, chance, kings, and desperate men.” Death can only inflict temporary “sleep” because the soul will awaken, live eternally, and defeat Death. Epigram A brief, clever and usually memorable statement. On My First Son A farewell to his dead son, the speaker regrets having forgotten that his child was merely loaned to him by God. He consoles himself with the thought that his son is now free of the pains of living and growing old. The last lines offer an epitaph for his son, “his best piece of poetry”. He concludes with a vow never again to “like” or cling “too much” to what he loves. To Althea, from Prison Speaker talks of the nature of confinement versus liberty and asserts that, although he’s in jail, presumably for political reasons, he is spiritually and imaginatively free. He sums up his situation in the famous paradox at the beginning of the last stanza. The refrain ending each stanza also emphasizes the triumph of freedom of the mind over physical confinement. Royalists Men who supported King Charles in the Civil Wars of the 1640s. Cavalier Nickname for a supporter of the king Roundhead Nickname for a supporter of Parliament