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ENGLISH 12 Renaissance Poetry Study Guide Characteristics of Sonnets 1. 2. 3. 4. subject is often about love usually contain Petrarchan conventions 14 lines with rigid structure: meter and rhyme scheme usually present a problem and a solution Metaphysical poetry 1. intellectual and elaborate comparisons called conceits 2. references to philosophy, science and theology 3. often contain abstract riddles to be solved by the reader John Donne’s “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” Literally “a farewell forbidding sadness” Christopher Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd” TYPE OF POEM: ___________________ TONE: ________________ Sir Walter Raleigh’s The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd” TYPE OF POEM: ___________________ TONE: ________________ Petrarch’s Sonnets (on handout) “III” SUBJECT: ________________________________________ RHYME SCHEME: ________________________________ “XL” SUBJECT: ________________________________________ RHYME SCHEME: ________________________________ Shakespeare’s Sonnets “Sonnet 29” SUBJECT: ________________________________________ “Sonnet 73” SUBJECT: ________________________________________ “Sonnet 116” SUBJECT: ________________________________________ Poetry Terms: KNOW THE TERMS AND DEFINITIONS sonnet metaphysical Petrarchan abba abba cde cde Shakespearean abab cdcd efef gg pastoral madrigal couplet quatrain conceit iambic pentameter QUESTIONS: What qualities does the object of Petrarch’s love in many of his sonnets possess? How does the life the shepherd envision contrast with the nymph’s? Notes on Sonnet 29 1. The speaker envies luck, material prospects, optimism, appearance, friends, talent and power. 2. The turn in the sonnet occurs in line 10 – “Haply I think on thee, and then my state,” 3. The remembrance of the beloved and the beloved’s sweet love changes the speaker’s mind. Notes on Sonnet 73 1. The three metaphors compare the speaker to a bare tree in autumn, the twilight after sunset, and the glowing embers of a fire. 2. The beloved’s love is stronger with the realization that the speaker must die soon. 6. The seasonal and daily imagery reinforces the sonnet’s somber and melancholy tone. Notes on Sonnet 116 1. Love is a seamark and the North Star that sailors use to navigate. Love is not Time’s fool. 2. The speaker defines love by what it is not (ll. 2-4 and 9-11). Love is NOT something that alters easily of changes with little encouragement. 3. Time is a reaper with a sickle who “cuts down” rosy lips and cheeks.