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Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood “What is Adolescence?” (write your answer now…) Adolescence is…. …The period after puberty begins and before adult roles are taken on… …culturally constructed …a fairly new term, coming into common usage in the early 20th Century Adolescere – to grow into maturity (Latin) Themes of the Book Cultural Contrasts Historical Contrasts Interdisciplinary Approach Gender Issues Globalization Adolescence: A Cultural Construct Most cultures recognize “adolescence” as a life period The length, content and daily experience differs across cultures Different cultures define adult status, roles and responsibilities differently “The Age of Adolescence”: 1890-1920 Contributing Factors: 1. Legislation prohibiting child labour 2. Compulsory education 3. Adolescence as a distinct field of scholarship G. Stanley Hall: Key Ideas Child Study Movement – research to better the lives of children and adolescents Storm and Stress – upheaval and disorder is a normal part of adolescent development The Storm and Stress Debate “to be normal during the adolescent period is by itself abnormal” -- Anna Freud (1958) What evidence would Hall find today to support the “storm and stress” belief? Survey in triads… Arnett’s “Emerging Adulthood” (18-25) is the age of… Identity explorations Instability Self-focus Feeling inbetween Possibilities Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2003 “Do you feel that you’ve reached adulthood?” (homework) The American Transition to Adulthood: Legally an adult at age 18 Characterized by Individualism: • Accepting responsibility for oneself • Making independent decisions • Becoming financially independent Research Methods •How do current researchers in adolescent development work? –Much more contextual (e.g., looking at development in context of family, peers, work, etc.) –Much more focused on normative development and examining developmental assets –More focus on diversity Research Methods Type of Data Strategies Applications Drawbacks Benefits Quantitative Questionnaires Experiments Large scale surveys Restrictive in terms of responses Yields large-scale, comprehensive data Qualitative Interviews Case studies Adolescents and emerging adults describe their own experiences in their own words Coding and categorizing is time-consuming More subjective Richness and complexity Examples of Research Methods Method Ethnography Biological Measurement Description Participant observation Measurement of biological factors (e.g., timing of puberty) Experimental Treatment and Research control (nontreatment) groups Daily Records Participants wear beepers and record their experiences at intervals Example Mead in Samoa Harvard Adolescence Project Tanner (timing and sequence of pubertal change) Research on media use (p. 24) Testing anti-smoking interventions Experience Sampling Method – Beeper studies