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BELLRINGER: 3/24 and 3/27 • 1. SIT WITH/NEAR WHO YOU WORKED WITH ON THE TISSUE BOX PROJECT. If you did not finish, begin working as soon as class starts. • 2. Pick up the papers by the door. • 3. Make the following ToC updates: ▫ Page #123: Notes – Crusades ▫ Page #124: SAC Analysis Worksheet: Crusades • 4. Write down your HW: ▫ Read pgs. 374-379 in DUIKER textbook AGENDA: • • • • • 1. Bellringer 2. Finish Unit 5 Tissue Box project 3. Notes: The Crusades 4. SAC: Crusades + Terrorism 5. Study Guide Work Time The Crusades The Crusades History’s Most Successful FAILURE Background on the Crusades: • During Middle Ages, Catholic Church had risen in power in West ▫ Christianity rises in Europe! • After the fall of Rome, the Eastern portion of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire Background on the Crusades: • Many were uncertain where life would lead them • Many tragic events, uncertainties people start to need to believe in a higher power ▫ For Europeans = this becomes God/the Catholic Church Causes of the Crusades: • Jerusalem holy land for Christians ▫ Many come to visit (pilgrimages) • BUT: Seljuk Turks (Muslims) controlled Christian Holy Land ▫ Problem comes up! The amount of visitors grew too much that the Turks began not allowing visitors • Fear of growing Muslim “empire” = threat to Byzantine Empire Jerusalem • The Crusades Begin • 1093: Byzantine Emperor Alexius wanted help to save Constantinople from Turks ▫ Asks Catholic Church for help • 1095: Pope Urban II issues a “holy” war or Crusade ▫ GOAL: capture the Holy Land back from Muslims ▫ Pope assured that those that die in Crusade will have a place in Heaven The First Crusade: 1096-1099 • Crusaders move into the eastern Mediterranean and capture Jerusalem ▫ SUCCESS – at first by 1187, Jerusalem falls back to Muslim rule The Second Crusade: 1147-1149 • Less successful than 1st Crusade • Crusaders fail to capture most cities in the Holy Land The Third Crusade: 1189-1192 • Crusaders led by Richard the Lionhearted - King of England ▫ Conflict between Muslims and Crusaders lasts nearly 5 years ▫ Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims Christians (unarmed) allowed in Jerusalem The Last Crusades • There were about 7-8 total Crusades led by Christians against Muslims in the Holy Land ▫ The First and Third = most well-known • The next 4 = unsuccessful in recapturing Jerusalem/Holy Land. But they are known for other things. Children’s Crusade 1212 • From Rhineland (Germany) to Italy • 20,000 – 30,000 children (along with women, the elderly) went out ▫ Most died of disease, starvation and others were sold to slavery The Inquisition (“Spanish Crusades”) • GOAL: Kick Muslims/all nonCatholics out of Spain Called the Reconquista (reconquering of Spain) In essence, taking it back for the Catholics Inquisition developed a judicial court to try people of heresy (anyone who did not believe in Catholicism) Like a witch hunt against those not Christians Why did the Crusades fail? • After the 1st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning ▫ Becomes about destruction, devastation of the people living in the Holy Land • War becomes a source of profit ▫ A way for some to make money and get goods ▫ Continue the Crusades? Make more profit • Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic civilizations Effects of Crusades • Showed power of Catholic Church • Increased trading between East and West Leads to cultural diffusion Helps businesses grow, merchant class rises • Contributes to the onset of the Commercial Revolution (think global trade) • Religious divides are enhanced ▫ Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians (and vice versa) • Constantinople (Istanbul) falls to Ottoman Turks (Empire is weakened) ▫ Because the Byzantine Empire is weakened by the constant conflict caused by the Crusades Effects of Crusades: How will increased trading effect society? More $$ available Merchants get increased power taxes increase to king King no longer need to give land for loyalty, instead can give money Growth of cities Move back to cities to trade