Download The Crusades

BELLRINGER: 3/24 and 3/27
• 1. SIT WITH/NEAR WHO YOU WORKED
WITH ON THE TISSUE BOX PROJECT. If you
did not finish, begin working as soon as class
starts.
• 2. Pick up the papers by the door.
• 3. Make the following ToC updates:
▫ Page #123: Notes – Crusades
▫ Page #124: SAC Analysis Worksheet: Crusades
• 4. Write down your HW:
▫ Read pgs. 374-379 in DUIKER textbook
AGENDA:
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•
•
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1. Bellringer
2. Finish Unit 5 Tissue Box project
3. Notes: The Crusades
4. SAC: Crusades + Terrorism
5. Study Guide Work Time
The Crusades
The Crusades
History’s Most
Successful
FAILURE
Background on the Crusades:
• During Middle Ages,
Catholic Church had risen
in power in West
▫ Christianity rises in Europe!
• After the fall of Rome, the
Eastern portion of the Empire
became known as the Byzantine
Empire
Background on the Crusades:
• Many were uncertain where
life would lead them
• Many tragic events,
uncertainties  people
start to need to believe in
a higher power
▫ For Europeans = this
becomes God/the Catholic
Church
Causes of the Crusades:
• Jerusalem  holy land for
Christians
▫ Many come to visit
(pilgrimages)
• BUT: Seljuk Turks (Muslims)
controlled Christian Holy
Land
▫ Problem comes up! The amount
of visitors grew too much
that the Turks began not
allowing visitors
• Fear of growing Muslim
“empire” = threat to
Byzantine Empire
Jerusalem
•
The Crusades Begin
• 1093: Byzantine Emperor
Alexius wanted help to save
Constantinople from Turks
▫ Asks Catholic Church for help
• 1095: Pope Urban II issues a
“holy” war or Crusade
▫ GOAL: capture the Holy Land
back from Muslims
▫ Pope assured that those that die
in Crusade will have a place in
Heaven
The First Crusade: 1096-1099
• Crusaders move into the eastern Mediterranean
and capture Jerusalem
▫ SUCCESS – at first  by 1187, Jerusalem falls
back to Muslim rule
The Second Crusade: 1147-1149
• Less successful than 1st Crusade
• Crusaders fail to capture most cities in
the Holy Land
The Third Crusade: 1189-1192
• Crusaders led by Richard the Lionhearted - King of
England
▫ Conflict between Muslims and Crusaders lasts nearly 5
years
▫ Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin,
leader of Muslims
 Christians (unarmed) allowed in Jerusalem
The Last Crusades
• There were about 7-8 total Crusades led by
Christians against Muslims in the Holy Land
▫ The First and Third = most well-known
• The next 4 = unsuccessful in recapturing
Jerusalem/Holy Land. But they are known
for other things.
Children’s Crusade 1212
• From Rhineland
(Germany) to Italy
• 20,000 – 30,000
children (along
with women, the
elderly) went out
▫ Most died of disease,
starvation and others
were sold to slavery
The Inquisition (“Spanish Crusades”)
• GOAL: Kick Muslims/all nonCatholics out of Spain
 Called the Reconquista (reconquering of Spain)
 In essence, taking it back for
the Catholics
 Inquisition developed a
judicial court to try people of
heresy (anyone who did not
believe in Catholicism)
 Like a witch hunt against those
not Christians
Why did the Crusades fail?
• After the 1st attempt, each attempt was
weaker with less emphasis on winning
▫ Becomes about destruction, devastation of the
people living in the Holy Land
• War becomes a source of profit
▫ A way for some to make money and get goods
▫ Continue the Crusades? Make more profit
• Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic civilizations
Effects of Crusades
• Showed power of Catholic Church
• Increased trading between East and West
Leads to cultural diffusion
Helps businesses grow, merchant class rises
• Contributes to the onset of the Commercial
Revolution (think global trade)
• Religious divides are enhanced
▫ Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians (and
vice versa)
• Constantinople (Istanbul) falls to Ottoman Turks
(Empire is weakened)
▫ Because the Byzantine Empire is weakened by
the constant conflict caused by the Crusades
Effects of Crusades: How will
increased trading effect society?
 More $$ available
 Merchants get increased
power taxes increase to king
 King no longer need to give land for
loyalty, instead can give money
 Growth of cities
 Move back to cities to trade