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Chapter 5 Mayans, Aztecs, and the Incas Section 1- The Maya Mesoamerica Stretches from the central part of Mexico south to include part of northern Central America Basically- Mexico and Central America Geography and Early Maya Thick tropical forests Cleared to farm Main crop was Maize- Corn Forest provided resources Food Deer, rabbits, and monkey Building Materials Trees and other plants Lived in small villages The Classic Age Height of civilization 250-900 AD 40 Large cities No single ruler Linked through trade Trade routes Built temples and pyramids In Palenque, Pacal built a temple to record his achievements The Classic Age CONT… Built Canals Used to get water into places where none existed Terraces Turning a hillside into stair steps for farming Maya Culture Social Structure Religion Social Structure King Highest position Upper Class Priests, rich merchants, and noble warriors Lower Class Everyday people Did the farming, cooking, cleaning, hunting Religion Worshiped Many Gods Sun god Moon god Blood prevented disasters Sacrifices Offering of blood- Piercing Achievements Observatories Calendars 365 260 Writing system Created amazing works of art Decline of Maya Many possible reasons Lower class rebels More warfare Not enough food Drought Or even a mix of several of these reasons Section 2- The Aztecs Building of an Empire Farmers who migrated from the north War was a key factor to rise in Aztec power Received goods from conquered people Gold, cotton, food Huge trade networks Tenochtitlan Causeways Canals and Chinampas Life in the Aztec Empire Society Religion and Warfare Cultural Achievements Society Aztec Emperor- Highest power Attended to law, trade, tribute, and warfare Upper class Tax collectors, judges and government officials You were born into this class Upper Middle class- highly respected Warriors and priests Middle Class Merchants and Artisans Lower class Farmers and laborers Religion Worshiped many gods Believed to control nature and human activities Human Sacrifices Done to please the gods Most victims captives or slaves 10,000 a year An average of 27.39 people a day!!!!! Cultural Achievements Art and Beauty Fine stone pyramids and statues Used gold, gems, and bright feathers to make jewelry and masks Embroidered clothing Knowledge Astronomy Historical records Riddles Cortes Conquers the Aztecs Late 1400s the conquistadors arrive in the Americas Montezuma II cautiously welcomes them Gives gold and other gifts Cortez takes him prisoner anyways Montezuma II killed Conquistadors driven out Conquistadors return Gathered help Brought better army and weapons Cannons, armor, swords Aztecs fall to smallpox Section 3- The Incas The Incas Create an Empire Same time as Aztecs South America Begin in small tribe in Andes Mountains Cuzco became their capital Central Rule Did not want conquered people to have to much power New leaders Trained children Official Language Quechua All official business had to be done in this language Well Organized Economy Strictly controlled Each household told what to do Everything went to the empire Rations were divided by the government Life in the Inca Empire Social Division Religion Achievements Social Divisions Two main classes Upper Class Emperor, government officials, and priests Lived in the best houses Wore the best clothes Lower Class Farmers, artisans, and servants Plain clothes By law could not own more than needed Religion Rulers related to the sun god Believed they never really died Sacrificed animals (lamas) Achievements Master builders Cut stone so well they needed no mortar Major network of roads Art Pots Gold and silver jewelry Pizarro Conquers the Incas Atahualpa went to meet the conquistadors They attacked Atahualpa gave them a room of gold They killed him anyway Spain took over and ruled for the next 300 years
