Download GHG-Eras - Dearborn High School

Eras of World History
Using the GeoHistoGram
Goals:
Introduce Students to the GeoHistoGram
Connect the Era titles to significant events
Eras of World History
Using the GeoHistoGram
The history of the world has
been divided into eras to help
organize the information.
Each of the eras has been named to
help define the events during that time.
We will use the GeoHistoGram to look at
both the dates and the areas to get a basic
understanding of the history of our world.
The GeoHistoGram
The GeoHistoGram shows
both time (chronology)
and place (region)
The GeoHistoGram
This is the basic form
of the GeoHistoGram –
seven vertical bars.
Space goes across
the diagram,
from west on the left
to east on the right.
The GeoHistoGram
Time goes .up the side,
from the distant past on
the bottom
to the present at the top.
Each curve.in each bar
represents 1000 years
of history in that region.
The GeoHistoGram
Here is a simple use
of the GeoHistoGram:
to show ancient empires
in Mesopotamia.
The bars represent
major world regions,
from the Americas in the west
to Polynesia in the east.
(before the Common Era,
and roughly in the middle
of the world’s land).
The GeoHistoGram
By varying the width
of the empire “blob”,
you can show how
its power expanded
at different times.
Adding a shape
in northeast Africa
can show how Egypt
lasted a long time but
varied in importance.
The GeoHistoGram
Some words you need to know:
Era: a period of time
Migration: the act or process of moving
from one region or country to another
Pastoral: herding or
keeping animals for
food, transportation,
etc.
Agriculture: farming; cultivating the land,
producing crops, and raising livestock
Civilization: a highly developed
society: with a high level of culture
and social organization
Empire: lands, a group of nations,
territories, or people ruled by a
single authority.
Colonization: to establish a colony in another country or place
Revolution: a dramatic
change in ideas or practice
Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or
influence of a country over other countries or colonies
Nationalism: excessive devotion to a nation and its interests, often associated
with a belief that one country is superior to all others
GeoHistoGram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The first era is “Beginnings of Human
Society” (Beginning to 4,000 BCE)
The “Beginning” was about 200,000 years ago!
The first humans migrated out
of Africa and had populated
most areas of the world by
10,000 BCE
Why do you think humans
migrated out of Africa?
How did people survive?
By the end of this era, humans
had learned to herd animals
and plant crops. This was a
major lifestyle change and led
to permanent settlements.
Era 1:
Beginnings of Human Society
Pre-history - Homo sapiens spread across the world
GeoHistogram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The second era is “Early civilizations and
Cultures and the Emergence of Pastoral
People” (4000 – 1000 BCE)
What is a “civilization”?
What are “pastoral people”?
What does Pastoral mean?
The first settlements occurred in
areas where agriculture was
possible, namely river valleys.
What rivers were located in
these areas?
The Fertile
Crescent
Tigris and
Euphrates
Egypt
Nile
India
Indus
China
Huang He
Era 2:
Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
Having a stable food supply
allowed some people in the
settlements to have other jobs.
This division of labor led to the
development of civilizations.
Some elements of civilization
include the development of
cities
art
specialized jobs
religion
communication
laws
Era 2:
Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
These are the names of the
civilizations that began during
this era in these regions:
Africa
Middle East
Central Asia
East Asia
The size of the colored shapes
show the growth and extent of
each one.
Which one did not continue
to grow into the next era?
Era 2:
Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
GeoHistogram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The third era is “Classical Traditions,
World Religions, and Major Empires”
(1000 BCE to 300 CE)
What are the major “classical” civilizations?
What “world religions” were predominant?
What “major empires” developed?
With the rise of civilizations and
development of new technology, trade
helped spread ideas.
In East Asia, the Qin Dynasty united
China
a territory which is now ___??____,
the most populous country in the
world.
Growing civilizations, needing more
land and resources, used force to
expand, and became empires.
Era 3:
Classical Traditions and Major Empires
These are the two large (classical)
European empires that characterize
this era.
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
What famous Greek leader
conquered Egypt and advanced
into Central Asia?
Empires grew by conquering people
of many cultures. World Religions,
like Buddhism and Hinduism, also
spread.
Other large empires ruled during this
era. Where are each of them
located?
Persia?
Mauryan?
Han
Middle East
India
Asia
Era 3:
Classical Traditions and Major Empires
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
What was the first civilization
in the Western Hemisphere?
GeoHistoGram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The fourth era is “Expanding and
Intensified Hemispheric Interactions”
(300-1500 CE)
What do “expanding” and “intensifying” mean?
What “hemispheric interactions” took place?
Empires expanded during this era:
The eastern Roman Empire
became the Byzantine Empire, but
had many enemies. What does
its shape tell you?
By about 700 CE, what dynasty in
Asia had expanded westward?
Era 4:
Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires
Islam spread by both trade routes and
conquering armies into north Africa
and central Asia.
What was the major trade route
connecting China to Europe?
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
Mongols conquered both Chinese and
Muslim empires and spread into
Europe.
Empires expanded during this era:
In West Africa, what two empires
became wealthy through trade?
The Plague spread across Europe
killing a quarter of the population.
How is this shown on
the GeoHistoGram?
Era 4:
Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
Marco Polo sparked a new interest in
trade with China.
Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires
What effect did the demand
for products from Asia
have on Europeans?
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
See Era 5!
GeoHistoGram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The fifth era is “Emergence of the First
Global Age” (15th to 18th Centuries)
What is a “global age”?
What important event marks the
beginning of this era?
Era 5:
Emergence of 1st Global Age
The ability to navigate the ocean caused
many changes in trade and power.
Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
Columbia Exchange was an important
trading system between the Eastern
and Western Hemispheres.
What 3 regions were involved?
What was exchanged?
Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires
European Colonialism starts in this era.
What color shows its spread?
Which direction did it spread?
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
What other Empire expanded its
power during this era?
GeoHistoGram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The sixth era is “Global Revolutions” (Late
1700’s through 1914)
What is a “global revolution”?
Era 6:
Age of Global Revolutions
Era 5: Emergence of 1st Global Age
Explain the saying “The Sun
never sets on the British Empire”
During this era, revolutions freed many
colonies from their European
conquerors or feudal leaders.
Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
American
French
Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
Latin American
Chinese
Russian
As the Ottoman Empire declined,
Europe’s power increased.
Many changes occurred including
an increase in world migration and
industrialization. Nationalism and
imperialism grew in Europe, Asia,
and America.
GeoHistoGram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The seventh era is “Global Crisis and
Achievement” (1900-1945)
What is a “global age”?
Era 6: Age of Global Revolutions
Era 5: Emergence of 1st Global Age
Era 7:
Global Crisis and Achievement
Increasing government, economic
and political power changed the
global balance of power.
Two World Wars occurred as
well as mass genocide in several
regions.
Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
What major event ended WW II?
Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
Important advances were made in
technology, medicine and
communications during this era.
What countries emerged
as super-powers?
GeoHistoGram Activities
Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram
The eighth era is “The Cold War and Its
Aftermath: The 20th Century since 1945”
What was the “Cold War”?
Era 7: Global Crisis and Achievement
Era 6: Age of Global Revolutions
Era 5: Emergence of 1st Global Age
Era 8:
Cold War and Aftermath
The Cold War was a conflict between
democracy and communism.
What two countries were
the leaders in this “war”?
Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires
Era 2: Early Civilizations and
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples
Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
Some “hot spots” caused mounting
tension, and conflicts in Korea and
Vietnam became major clashes.
One of the fears that surfaced
was the threat of nuclear war.
What event signified the end
of the “Cold War”?
GeoHistoGram Activities
What might the next era be called? How
long will it last?