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Charlemagne “Charles the Great” and the Holy Roman Empire Lesson 11-1 1 • TN SPI – 6.5.7 Recognize major historical time periods (Middle Ages) – 6.1.5 Identify differences between various cultural groups (Europeans) – 6.6.2 Recognize the impact of individuals on world history (Charles the Great) – 6.5.15 Evaluate to what extent civilizations build on the accomplishments of previous civilizations 2 The Middle Ages - 500-1500 A.D. • After the fall of the Roman Empire, stability in the west was threatened. • Wave after wave of invaders or barbarians destroyed Roman towns and cut off trade routes. • Many western lands were reclaimed by invaders. • Reading and writing almost disappeared from Europe because many of the invading groups could do neither. 3 The Middle Ages - 500-1500 A.D. • With the end of the Western Roman Empire, no single government had complete control in Europe. • The Roman Empire was replaced with a patchwork of small kingdoms. 4 Division Line between East and West 5 6 Growing Influence of the Roman Catholic Church • The pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, gained not only authority over the church but also political power. • The pope’s authority grew in Europe as more people became Christians. • During this time, missionaries traveled throughout Europe teaching Christianity. 7 – Responsible for developing many Church teachings – Created rules of behavior for priests – Set up monasteries, or centers of Christian life and learning – Developed a plan to make all of Europe a land of Christians, or Christendom Pope Gregory I 8 “Charles the Great” • The Roman Catholic Church gained even more power under the Germanic ruler Charles the Great. • Charles the Great was king of the Franks. (Gaul or current-day France.) • Known as Charlemagne, he brought back unity and order to many of the lands that had been part of the former Western Roman Empire. 9 Charlemagne • Charlemagne: – Great warrior – Respected learning and encouraged education – Known as a man of wisdom – His grandfather, Charles Martel, defeated Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732, ensuring Europe would become a Christian nation. – Goal was to unite Germanic tribes into a single Christian kingdom (Christendom) 10 11 Charlemagne • Charlemagne – Defended the city of Rome and the pope against the Lombards – Christmas Day 800 A.D., Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Augustus emperor of the Romans – Founded the Holy Roman Empire formed from lands previously part of the Western Roman Empire 12 Holy Roman Empire • The Holy Roman Empire was made up of modern day: – – – – – – – – – Germany Austria Switzerland eastern France Belgium Netherlands western Poland the Czech Republic Italy 13 Holy Roman Empire 14 Accomplishments • Charlemagne (Charles the Great) – Improved education (reading and writing) – Issued money – Increased trade – Spread the Christian religion - Confess God or meet God – When Charlemagne defeated the Saxons, he expected them to convert to Christianity. He beheaded 4,000 in one day. 15 Feudal System • Charlemagne gave huge land grants to loyal nobles. This was similar to the practice of creating Roman provinces. • The nobles agreed to provide military and political services to him as emperor, as well as upkeep of roads, bridges and forts on their land. • This system of land grants was the basis of feudalism; the political and military system of Europe that lasted for about 400 years. 16 Charlemagne’s Death • After Charlemagne’s death, his empire or the Holy Roman Empire, was divided among his three sons. • They fought one another, weakening the empire. • Other groups attacked and weakened the empire. • The fiercest attacks came from the Vikings. 17