Download Divisions of the Constitution

The
United States of America
Constitution
Separation of Powers
1
Vocabulary
Separation of Powers
Power in the Federal Government
that is divided between the
Executive, Judicial and Legislative
Branches
2
Vocabulary
Checks and Balances
Each branch of the government
checks the power of the other
branches
3
Vocabulary
Legislative
Makes laws to govern our country
4
Vocabulary
Executive
Carries out the laws that have been
passed by the Legislature
5
Vocabulary
Judicial
Interprets or defines the laws
Headed by the Supreme Court
6
Vocabulary
Ratify
To formally approve something
7
Vocabulary
Amend
To change or revise something
8
Vocabulary
Article
One of the sections of a document
(like the US Constitution)
9
How Should the Powers of the
Government be Divided?
• Who will make the laws?
• Who will see that these laws are
obeyed?
• Who will make sure the laws are
“good” laws?
10
American Government
Similar to the Structure of a Tree
Trunk
The Constitution
3 Branches
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
11
American Government
Similar to the Structure of a Tree
Trunk
The Constitution
3 Branches
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
12
Separation of Powers
Each branch has different
responsibilities
Checks & Balances
Each branch looks out & checks to
see if the other 2 branches are doing
their jobs
13
Legislative Branch
Makes laws to govern the country
Defined in the Great Compromise
Includes the House of Representative
& the Senate
Checks the Judicial & Executive Branches
14
Executive Branch
Carries out the laws that are passed by the
legislature
Creates a chief executive
Discussed having 2 leaders but much
concern about lack of cooperation between
the two leaders
15
Executive Branch (cont.)
Decided on one leader to be called
“President”
Checks the
Legislative & Judicial Branches
16
Judicial Branch
Interprets or defines the laws
(makes sure our laws are good)
Headed by the Supreme Court
Judges are appointed by the President &
approved by the Senate
Checks the Legislative & Executive Branch
17
Checks & Balances
• Prevents one branch from becoming too
powerful
• Each branch has its own specific responsibilities
• Each branch has separate powers
• Each branch checks the other 2 branches
– Each branch is balanced
18
September 17, 1787
Approved Constitution
of the United States
Sent the Constitution to the states
to be ratified (approved)
19
June 21, 1788
New Jersey became the 9th state to
ratify the Constitution
The amount required by the
Articles of Confederation
to become law
20
United States
began to function
under the
new government plan
21
Benjamin Franklin
Commented about a carved ½ sun
on the back of his chair:
The sun is rising
Our country is on a fresh start as a
new nation!
22
US
Constitution
Preamble
(Introduction)
Main Body
(7 Articles)
Amendments
(27 changes)
23
Divisions of the Constitution
1.
Preamble
• The introduction paragraph
• We the people . . .
24
Divisions of the Constitution
2.
Main Body
• 7 Articles
• 1st 3 articles deal with the 3 separate branches
of the government
• Last 4 articles deal with the powers of the
states and procedures to ratify and amend the
Constitution
25
2.
Divisions of the Constitution
Main Body
• Article 1
– Legislative Branch
• Article 2
– Executive Branch
• Article 3
– Judicial Branch
26
2.
Divisions of the Constitution
Main Body
• Article 4
– Relationships Among States
• Article 5
– Amending the Constitution
• Article 6
– Supreme Law of the Land
• Article 7
– Ratifying the Constitution
27
Divisions of the Constitution
3.
Amendments
• Changes to the Constitution
• Currently 27 amendments
28
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 1
– Freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly and
petition
• Amendment 2
– Right to bear arms
• Amendment 3
– Quartering of soldiers
29
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 4
– Searches and seizures
• Amendment 5
– Life, liberty, and property
• Amendment 6
– Rights of the accused
30
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 7
– Right to trial by jury
• Amendment 8
– Bail and punishment
• Amendment 9
– Rights of the people
31
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 10
– Rights of the state
• Amendment 11
– Suits against states
• Amendment 12
– Election of the President
32
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 13
– Abolition of slavery
• Amendment 14
– Civil rights in the states
• Amendment 15
– Black suffrage
33
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 16
– Income tax
• Amendment 17
– Direct election of Senators
• Amendment 18
– Prohibition
34
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 19
– Women’s Suffrage
• Amendment 20
– “Lame Duck” period
• Amendment 21
– Repeal of Prohibition
35
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 22
– Presidential term of office
• Amendment 23
– Voting in the District of Columbia
• Amendment 24
– Abolition of poll taxes
36
3.
Divisions of the Constitution
Amendments
• Amendment 25
– Presidential disability and succession
• Amendment 26
– Eighteen-year-old vote
• Amendment 27
– Congressional pay raises
37
Phrases or Sections in Italicized
Italicized means script writing
Indicates parts of the Constitution
that are no longer in effect due to
passage of time or changes made
by Amendments
38