Download Range Site Evaluation

Basic Parts of the Plant
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Flower
Roots
• 1. Anchor Plant
• 2. Absorb water and minerals
• 3. Translocate water and
minerals to stem
• 4. Store Food
Stems
• 1. Translocate water, minerals
and food to the leaves
• 2. Support the leaves and
display them to light
• 3. Store Food
Leaves
• 1. Make food through
photosynthesis
• 2. Provide site of gas exchange
• 3. Store food
Flowers
• 1. Contain organs for
specialized sexual production
• 2. Produce seeds and fruit
Different type of Roots
• A. Tap Root
–Continuation of the primary root
–Ideal for anchorage
–Penetration is greater for water
–Storage area for food made by
photosynthesis
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Different type of Roots
• B. Fibrous Roots
– Many finely branched secondary
roots
– Shallow roots cover a large area
• More effective absorption of water
and minerals
• Roots hold the soil to prevent
erosion
Different type of Roots
• C. Aerial roots
– Clinging air roots
• Short roots that grow horizontally
from the stems
• Roots that fasten the plant to a
support
– Absorptive air roots
Different type of Roots
• Adventitious Roots
–Develop in places other than
nodes
–Can form on cuttings and
rhizomes
Roots
• Root hairs:
– Tiny one celled hair like extensions
of the epidermal cells located near
the tips of the roots where vascular
tissues have formed.
– Increase surface area
– Absorb water and minerals from soil
Specialized Stems
• A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus)
– underground
–Solid, fleshy, scale covered
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Specialized Stems
• B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)
–Layers of fleshy scales that
overlap each other
–Underground stem
Specialized Stems
• C. Tuber (potato, caladium)
–Food storage area
–Short, thick underground stem
Specialized Stems
• D. Crown (African Violets, fern)
–Closely grouped stems or
plantlets
–Just above ground or just below
Specialized Stems
• E. Spurs (pear and apple trees)
–Short sems found on woody
plant limbs adapted for increased
production of fruits
Specialized Stems
• F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the
valley)
–Underground stems that produce
roots on the lower surface and
extend leaves and flower shoots
above the ground
Specialized Stems
• G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane
plant)
–Stem that grows horizontally
above the soil surface
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis
–Cuticle
• Waxy substance covers the
leaves and stems
• Waterproof layer that keeps
water in plants
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)
–Stomata
• Openings in the epidermis
mainly located on underside of
leaves
• Exchange of gases
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)
–Guard Cells
• Two cells located on each side
of stomata
• Open and closes stomata
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Mesophyll layer
– Palisade mesophyll
• Primary site of photosynthesis
– Spongy mesophyll
• Contains air and chloroplasts
• Site of photosynthesis and gas
exchange
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Veins or vascular bundles
– In spongy mesophyll
– Phloem tissues conduct food from
photosynthesis to rest of plant
– Xylem tissues conduct water and
minerals up to cells in leaves and
stems
Parts of the Flower
• Sepals
–Outer covering of the flower bud
–Protects the stamens and pistills
when flower is in bud stage
Parts of the Flower
• Petals
–Brightly colored
–Protects stamen and pistills
–Attracts pollinating insects
Parts of the Flower
• Stamens
–Male Reproductive part
–Anther-produces pollen
–Filament-supports the anther
Parts of the Flower
• Pistil
– Female reproductive part
– Ovary
• Enlarged portion at base of pistill
• Produces ovules which develop
into seeds
– Stigma
• Holds the pollen grains
Parts of the Flower
• Style
–Connects the stigma with ovary
–Supports the stigma so that it can
be pollinated
Complete and Incomplete
Flowers
• Complete: have all four main
parts
–Sepals
–Petals
–Stamens
–Pistils