Download Not So Old Stuff: 1750 to 1914

Not So Old Stuff: 1750 to 1914
Song: crushcrushcrush-Paramore
Industrial Revolution
Began in Britain, eventually spread
through Europe to Japan and the U.S.
 Agriculture surplus leads to more time
for technology
 Domestic system
 Urbanization
 Factories

Industrial Revolution

Inventions:













Flying Shuttle (weaving/ John Kay)
Spinning Jenny (thread/ John Hargreaves/ at right)
Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney)
Steam Engine (Thomas Newcomer/James Watt)
Steamship (Robert Fulton)
Locomotive (George Stephenson)
Telegraph (Samuel Morse)
Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)
Radio (Marconi Guglielmo)
Light bulb (Thomas Edison)
Internal Combustion Engine (Gottlieb Daimler)
Airplane (Orville and Wilber Wright)
Natural Selection (Charles Darwin)
Industrial Revolution
Interchangeable parts and the assembly
line are 1st used
 Women and children worked
 New social order:




Aristocrats (rich bases on industrial success)
Middle Class (skilled professionals)
Working Class (largest class)
Industrial Revolution
Adam Smith developed private
ownership
 Capitalism (aka Free-market System)
 Laissez-faire capitalism = gvt removes
themselves from regulation
 Karl Marx wrote the Communist
Manifesto (founded Socialism and
Communism)

Industrial Revolution
Reforms improved working conditions
 Factory Act of 1883:



British Parliament
Made factories safer
Labor unions
 Social Mobility
 Colonization began to get materials to
use in Factories

Industrial Revolution

Europeans believed they were superior

Rudyard Kipling wrote “White Man’s Burden”
European Imperialism in India
England beat France for territory in
North America, Europe, and India
 British East India Company:



Led by Robert Clive
Held British rights
over Indian trade
European Imperialism in India

Sepoy Rebellion:






Sepoys = Indians who worked for Brits
Brits disregarded Hindu and Muslim
customs
Rebellion lasts two years, but fails
British Parliament steps in
India becomes a colony
Bahadur Shah the 2nd is exiled
European Imperialism in India

Indian
National
Congress
was formed
to begin
path
towards
independence
European Imperialism in China


OPIUM TRADE
Opium War



Rebellions:



B/t British and Chinese over opium trade
Treaty of Nanjing gave British rights to trade
White Louts Rebellion (Buddhists)
Taiping Rebellion (nationalists vs. Manchu)
Self-Strengthening mvt tried to fix gvt, didn’t
work
European Imperialism in China

Sino-French War:


Sino-Japanese War:



French gained
Vietnam
Treaty of
Shimonoseki
Taiwan was
given to Japan
European powers began spheres of influence
in Asia
European Imperialism in China

Boxer Rebellion:





Anti-Christian, anti-Manchu, anti-European
Society of Righteous and Harmonious fists
Wanted to force Europeans and Chinese
out of China
Didn’t work
Sun Yat-Sen took over gvt

Republic was established
Japanese Imperialism
Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in
Japan, Japanese couldn’t compete with
their technology
(at right)
 Treaty of Kanagawa


Gave U.S.
concessions to Japan
Japanese Imperialism

Meiji Restoration:



Modernized Japan
Reduced foreign influence
Russo-Japanese War

Japanese kicked Russia out
of Manchuria
Japanese Imperialism
European Imperialism in Africa
Slave Trade ends
 South Africa



Gold and Diamonds
Boer War


British vs. Boer Settlers
African National Congress

Organized to oppose European colonization
European Imperialism in Africa

Egypt:


Muhammed Ali beat the French
and Ottomans to gain control
of Egypt
Suez Canal
Egypt couldn’t pay for it
 British loaned them the $$$,
controlled Canal

European Imperialism in Africa
SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
 Berlin Conference
was held to decided
how land claims
could be made

American Revolution

French and Indian War (aka Seven Years
War)


French and
Native
Americans
fought British
for territory
in North
America
British Won
American Revolution

George Grenville and Charles Townshend
passed unpopular acts on behalf of the King






Revenue Act
Stamp Act
Tea Act
Raised $$ for King
Boston Tea Party
(at right)
British fought Americans
American Revolution
Thomas Paine wrote
“Common Sense”
to urge colonists
to support the cause
 French helped
Americans finally
beat the British

French Revolution

Estates General

Three Estates
Clergy- (First)
 Noble families-(Second)
 Everyone else- (Third)- Tired of paying all the
taxes


Third estate became National Assembly
Adopted The Declaration of the Rights of Man
 New Constitution

French Revolution

Constitution was thrown out and
replaced with the Committee of Public
Safety



Enforcer of revolution
Led by Maximilien Robespierre and the
Jacobins
Replaced with new constitution

The Directory
French Revolution

Napoleon Bonaparte:


overthrew the
Directory
Napoleonic Codes:



Recognized the
equality of French
Citizens
Gained Power
for France
Tried to conquer Europe
French Revolution
Russia decimated Napoleon’s army
 Waterloo/Congress of Vienna:






Prince von Metternich of Austria
Alexander the 1st of Russia
Duke of Wellington of Britain
Defeated Napoleon and decided what to do
with his territory
Established balance of power
Latin American Independence Movements

Haiti:




French
Pierre Toussaint L’Ouverture led successful
slave revolt
Yellow fever stopped French army
Jacques Dessalines proclaimed Haiti a free
republic
Latin American Independence Movements

South America




Joseph Bonaparte (Napoleon’s brother)
took over Spanish throne
In Venezuela, Simon Bolivar replaced
Bonaparte’s elected governor
National Congress established
In Argentina, Jose de San Martin took
revolutionary forces through South America
and joined with Bolivar
Latin American Independence Movements

Brazil




John the 6th fled Portugal after Napoleon took over
and set up his royal court in Brazil
Pedro, his son, ran Brazil after John left
Pedro declared independence from Portugal
Pedro the 2nd was defeated by the land-owning
class and a republic was established
Latin American Independence Movements

Mexico




Miguel Hidalgo led revolt against Spain
Revolt was put down
Jose Morelos revolted, beat Spain, but the
land-owning class turned against him
Treaty of Cordoba

Mexico was independent from Spain
Unification of Italy
Small kingdoms
 Victor Emmanuel the 2nd:




Ruled Sardinia, the only Italian kingdom on
the peninsula now known as Italy
Named Count Camilla Cavour his prime
minister
Along with Giuseppe Garibaldi, the three
men unified Italy through a series of wars
Unification of Italy
Borders were shaky
 Rome wasn’t apart of
Italy until 1870,
when the rest of
Italy was unified in
the early 1860s

Unification of Germany
Prussia and Austria dominated the
region
 William the 1st





King of Prussia
Appointed Otto von Bismarck prime
minister
Wanted to unify the area
Bismarck defeated Austria
Unification of Germany

Franco-Prussian war



Alliance b/t France and Prussia
Allowed Bismarck to gain regions of
Germany
William the 2nd became the new
emperor of Germany
Other Political Developments: Russia
Czars had absolute power
 Alexander the 2nd:


Emancipation Edict


The People’s Will


Abolished serfdom
Assassinated Alexander
Russification

Alexander suppressed anything that could be
perceived as Anti-Russian
Other Political Developments: Russia

Nicholas the 2nd


Russians were defeated by Japan
Bloody Sunday
March on Czar palace
 Police open fired on protesters


Duma


Body supposed to represent the people
Peter Stolypin

Prime minister
Other Political Developments:
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire on the verge of
collapse
 Lost many wars with Russia
 Many independence movements:




Egypt
Greece
Arabia
Other Political Developments:
U.S. Foreign Policy
U.S. declared the Western Hemisphere
was closed to European Aggression
(Monroe Doctrine)
 Roosevelt Corollary



The U.S. would intervene in financial
problems b/t Europe and the Americas
Panama Canal
Other Political Developments:
U.S. Foreign Policy

Spanish-American War:




Cubans revolted against Spanish control
U.S. sympathized with Cubans
U.S. beat Spain
Gained Cuba
THE END
I used ‘Crushcrushcrush’ as my song
because in this time period many countries
were crushing their governments to gain
independence. Also, imperialism was
causing world powers to crush smaller
countries and take over their land.