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ANTH 477/577 Ecological Anthropology M,W 3:30 – 4:50 (Waldo 201) 4 Credit Hours Prerequisite: 3 Credits of Social Science Instructor: Dr. Bryan Tilt Office: Waldo 209 Office Hours: T 3:30-4:30, Th 12:00-1:00, by appointment [email protected] 737-3896 Course Web Site: On OSU Blackboard System Course Description: Ecological anthropology examines the relationship between humans and their environments. This course has two primary aims: 1) to provide a foundation of knowledge about past and present theoretical perspectives in ecological anthropology; and 2) to survey some of the important contemporary issues in ecological anthropology as they relate to general anthropology, archaeology, biological sciences, ecology, and related fields. Course Outcomes and Skills for Undergraduate Students: Upon completing this course, undergraduate students should be able to: Identify and describe various theoretical perspectives on the interaction between human cultural systems and their environments; Analyze cultural interaction with the environment for hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, agriculturalists, and urban dwellers; Outline past and present theory in ecological anthropology, including cultural ecology, evolutionary ecology, historical ecology, political ecology, spiritual ecology, reproductive ecology, and cognitive anthropology; Produce a comprehensive book review on a case study related to one aspect of ecological anthropology Course Outcomes and Skills for Graduate Students: Upon completing this course, graduate students should be able to: Design a conceptual model of the human-environment interactions for a specific cultural group; Demonstrate a command of past and present theory in ecological anthropology through in-class discussions, essays, and exams; Produce an in-class presentation and annotated bibliography on a specific problem or controversy in ecological anthropology Required Texts: 1 1- Netting, Robert McC. 1993. Smallholders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2 – Crumley, Carole L. 2001. New Directions in Anthropology and Environment: Intersections. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. 3- Milton, Kay. 1996. Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse. New York: Routledge. 4- Reading packet available at the Anthropology Department office (Waldo 238) Course Requirements and Grading: Requirements for the course are as follows: Item Midterm Exam Final Exam Class Participation Case Study Book Review (Undergraduates) Annotated Bib. and Presentation (Graduates) Total Points 100 100 50 100 100 350 Midterm Exam: The midterm exam will be held in class, and will involve the definition of key terms, short answer questions, and 1 or 2 essay questions that ask you to synthesize and think critically about course materials. You should bring a blue book for this exam. Final Exam: The final exam will also be held in class. It will be similar in format to the midterm exam, and will be comprehensive (ie. it will cover material from the entire quarter). You should bring a blue book for this exam. Class Participation: You should plan on attending class regularly and participating actively in activities and discussions. Thoroughly reading the assigned books and articles will help you to make insightful comments and ask good questions. Case Study Book Review (Undergraduate Students Only): In order to get more depth of information on a particular topic related to ecological anthropology, students will choose a book-length case study to read in addition to other course materials. I will circulate a list of acceptable books, and you may choose any one you like. I suggest that you select a book as soon as possible in order to get a head-start on your reading. Around the middle of the term, students will be required to turn in a 200-word abstract that summarizes the main points of the book. This is the first step in producing a book review. The book review should be five pages (double-spaced) in length, and should address the following: the problem being studied; goals or hypotheses of the study; study population and location; research methods used; main findings and/or arguments; and 2 broader significance to the field of ecological anthropology. The book review is due in class on June 5. Annotated Bibliography and Presentation (Graduate Students Only): There are several graduate students who are taking this course for 500-level credit. In addition to the requirements described above, graduate students will be expected to provide class members with a greater depth of information on particular topics in ecological anthropology by researching a topic, compiling and annotating a bibliography, and reporting your findings to the class. Topic Selection. Topics for the bibliography and presentation project are as follows (also listed in bold on the class schedule): April 26: Foraging strategies and conservation May 8: Land tenure and the “tragedy of the commons” May 15: Origins of agriculture May 17: Extensive (Swidden) agriculture May 24: Political ecology May 31: Population ecology and carrying capacity June 7: Sustainable development You will have the opportunity to choose a topic of your liking. However, in order to ensure that all topics are covered adequately, you may not get your first choice. A bibliography of recommended sources for each topic will be handed out in class and posted on the class web site. Preparation. Preparation of the annotated bibliography will require a modest amount of extra reading (typically 5-7 articles). The in-class presentation should focus on providing the class with additional information on a specific topic, expanding on the required readings and lectures for that topic, and assessing the validity of some of the theories covered in the course. Deliverables. The goal of this exercise is to produce two things: 1) an in-class presentation, and 2) an annotated bibliography of sources on your panel topic. Your presentation should be brief (<30 minutes) in order to allow time for discussion. Use of visual materials, including Powerpoint or handouts, is strongly encouraged. I will grade the presentation on content, accuracy, clarity, analytical insight, and effort. You may organize the presentation any way you like, but in general it should contain an overview of the basic issues involved, contrasting viewpoints, case studies, etc. The annotated bibliography is due on the day of your presentation. It should include 5-7 scholarly sources with thorough annotations that address the specific contributions of each book or article you cite. Annotations may address the main theme of the article or book, the study population (location, subsistence system, habitat, etc.), problem or hypotheses addressed, methods and types of data reported, main conclusions drawn, broader implications in relation to concepts in this course, etc. Students with Disabilities: 3 Accommodations are collaborative efforts between students, faculty and Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD). Students with accommodations approved through SSD are responsible for contacting the faculty member in charge of the course prior to or during the first week of the term to discuss accommodations. Students who believe they are eligible for accommodations but who have not yet obtained approval through SSD should contact SSD immediately at 737-4098. Expectations for Student Conduct: Students are expected to maintain proper academic conduct in this class. This includes treating peers with respect and meeting the conduct expectations of Oregon State University regarding cheating or other behaviors. To review these expectations, please visit the following Web site: http://oregonstate.edu/admin/stucon/achon.htm Class Schedule: DATE Mon, April 3 Wed, April 5 Mon, April 10 Wed, April 12 TOPIC Introductory lecture, course overview Foundations of ecological anthropology Complex adaptive systems The new ecologies Mon, April 17 Culture, cognition, and environment Wed, April 19 Human READINGS Steward, Julian H. 1977 (1955). “The Concept and Method of Cultural Ecology.” In J.H. Steward, ed. Evolution and Ecology. University of Illinois Press. Pp. 30-42. Rappaport, Roy A. 1971. “The Flow of Energy in an Agricultural Society.” Scientific American 224(3): 116-133. Foin, Theodore C. and William G. Davis. 1987. “Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Models in Ecological Anthropology: An Evaluation of ‘Stability’ in Maring Ecosystems in New Guinea.” American Anthropologist 89(1): 9-31. Biersack, Aletta. 1999. “Introduction: From the ‘New Ecology’ to the New Ecologies.” American Anthropologist 101(1): 5-18. Kottak, Conrad Phillip. 1999. “The New Ecological Anthropology.” American Anthropologist 101(1):23-35. Kempton, Willett. 2001. “Cognitive Anthropology and the Environment.” In Carole L. Crumley, ed. New Directions in Anthropology and Environment: Intersections. Pp. 49-71. Redman, Charles L. 1999. Human Impact on 4 environmental impacts in prehistory Mon, April 24 Wed, April 26 Human Behavioral Ecology Foraging strategies and conservation; student presentation Mon, May 1 Pastoral systems Wed, May 3 Mon, May 8 Midterm Exam Land tenure and the “tragedy of the commons”; student presentation Wed, May 10 Historical ecology; forest ecosystems Ancient Environments. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. (Chapter 4: Animal Exploitation). Pp. 53-80. Winterhalder, Bruce and Eric Alden Smith. 2000. “Analyzing Adaptive Strategies: Human Behavioral Ecology at Twenty-Five.” Evolutionary Anthropology 9: 51-72. Sahlins, Marshall. 1972. Stone Age Economics. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton (Ch. 1: “The Original Affluent Society”). Pp. 139. Kelly, Robert L. (1995) The foraging spectrum: diversity in hunter-gatherer lifeways. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. (Ch. 1: Hunter Gatherers and Anthropology). Alvard, Michael S. 1998. “Indigenous Hunting in the Neotropics: Conservation or Optimal Foraging?” in Tim Caro, ed. Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Biology. New York: Oxford University Press. Borgerhoff-Mulder, Monique and Daniel W. Sellen. 1994. “Pastoralist decisionmaking: a behavioral ecological perspective.” In African pastoralist systems: an integrated approach, ed. Elliot Fratkin, Kathleen A. Glavin, and Eric Abella Roth. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Pp. 205-229. Hardin, Garrett. 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science 162: 1243-1248. McCabe, Terrence. 1990. “Turkana Pastoralism: A Case Against the Tragedy of the Commons.” Human Ecology 18: 81-103. Balee, William. 1998. “Historical Ecology: Premises and Postulates.” In William Balee, ed. Advances in Historical Ecology. New York: Columbia University Press. Winthrop, Kathryn R. 2001. “Historical Ecology: Landscapes of Change in the Pacific Northwest.” In Carole L. Crumley, 5 Mon, May 15 The origins of agriculture; student presentation Wed, May 17 Extensive agriculture and swidden systems; student presentation Mon, May 22 Intensive agriculture ed. New Directions in Anthropology and Environment: Intersections. Pp. 203-222. Sutton, Mark Q. and Eugene N. Anderson. 2004. “The Origins of Food Production.” In Introduction to Cultural Ecology. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. Pp. 169-186. Sponsel, Leslie E. 1992. “The Environmental History of Amazonia: Natural and Human Disturbances, and the Ecological Transition.” In Harold K. Steen and Richard P. Tucker, eds. Changing Tropical Forests: Historical Perspectives on Today’s Challenges in Central and South America. Durham: Forest History Society. Pp. 233-251. Netting, Robert McC. 1993. Smallholders, Householders. Chapter 1. Netting, Robert McC. 1993. Smallholders, Householders. Chapter 3. Wed, May 24 Political ecology; agriculture; student presentation Paulson, Susan, Lisa L. Gezon, and Michael Watts. 2003. “Locating the Political in Political Ecology: An Introduction.” Human Organization 62(3): 205-217. Li, Yongxiang and Bryan Tilt. 2006. “In Search of Solvency: Changing Agricultural Governance in an Ethnic Minority Region of Southwest China.” International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance, and Ecology. Mon, May 29 Wed, May 31 Mon, June 5 No Class (Memorial Day) Population ecology and carrying capacity; student presentation Reproductive strategies; book reviews due Netting, Robert McC. 1993. Smallholders, Householders. Chapter 9. Cohen, Joel E. 1995. “Population Growth and Earth’s Human Carrying Capacity.” Science 269: 341-346. Hewlett, Barry, et al. 2000. “Parental Investment Strategies among Aka Foragers, Ngandu Farmers, and Euro-American Urban Industrialists.” In Adaptation and Human Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective, ed. Lee Cronk, Napoleon Chagnon, and William Irons. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de 6 Wed, June 7 Spiritual ecology; sustainable development; student presentation Fri, June 16 Final exam (9:30 am, Waldo 201) Gruyter. Pp. 155-178. Sponsel, Leslie E. 2001. “Do Anthropologists Need Religion, and Vice Versa? Adventures and Dangers in Spiritual Ecology.” In Carole L. Crumley, ed. New Directions in Anthropology and Environment: Intersections. Pp. 177-200. 7