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Kingdom Protista Chapter 19 Kingdom Protista – “Catch all” Eukaryotes Unicellular and Multicellular (MOST are Unicellular!) Autotrophic or heterotrophic – classified by the way they obtain food! Some have cell walls Many have structures specific for movement. Types of Protists Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists Fungus-like Protists Animal-like Protists Typically heterotrophic, motile, unicellular Live in water, but can be found in moist soil Grouped by method of locomotion Phylum Zoomastigina: Zooflagellates Move by flagella Live symbiotically Examples:1. Trichonympha collaris – termites 2. Tyrpanosoma brucei – tsetse fly that causes sleeping sickness Sarcodines Amoeba Unicellular Reproduce by binary fission Move by psuedopods “false foot” Feed by phagocytosis Can cause dysentery Sarcodines Amoeba Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates Paramecium Use cilia for feeding and movement. Discharge trichocysts to disable prey Reproduce sexually and asexually Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates Paramecium Trichocysts Lysosomes Oral groove Gullet Anal pore Contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Food vacuoles Cilia Phylum Sporozoa Nonmotile parasites Form spores Example: Plasmodium vivax causes malaria Infected female Anopheles mosquito Cells bursts, high fever and severe chills Malaria Plant-like Protists Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight. Euglenophytes: Euglena Chloroplast Carbohydrate storage bodies Gullet Pellicle Flagella Eyespot • Unicellular •Moves by flagella •Heterotrophic or autotrophic Nucleus Contractile vacuole Diatoms Produce cell walls rich in silica (Si – the main ingredient in glass) Dinoflagellates Half are photosynthetic and the other half are heterotrophic Warm surface waters cause “blooms” Red tide can paralyze humans Many have luminescence Plant-like Protists - Algae Live in water and photosynthesize (produce much of the earth’s oxygen) Named for the type of chlorophyll and accessory pigments they contain - Green, golden brown, brown, and red Produce food that maintains communities in oceans and fresh water Alternation of Generations Many algae switch back and forth between the diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle Red, Brown, and Green Algae Red Algae:• live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting light energy • contain chlorophyll a and reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins • Reflect red light • Important for coral reefs Red, Brown, and Green Algae Brown algae:• contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin • Giant kelp: largest known algae Red, Brown, and Green Algae Green Algae:• share many characteristics with plants, including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition • Unicellular- or Multicellular • Colonial Unicellular Green Algae Chlamydomonas Colonial Green Algae Volvox Chlamydomonas Filamentous Green Algae Spirogira Multicellular Green Algae Fungus-like Protists Lack chlorophyll Decomposers: absorb dead and decaying organic matter Not classified as true fungi as they do not contain chitin their cell walls. Examples:1) Slime molds are fungus-like protists that play key roles in recycling organic material 2) Water molds thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land. Role of Protists Serve as food in aquatic food chains Phytoplankton carry out more than 70% of Earth’s photosynthesis. Protozoans are predators of bacteria. Algae (seaweed) are used in food products: wrap sushi, added as thickener and flavor enhancer to milk shakes, ice cream, soups, puddings, cake frostings Diatoms are used in insulation, filters, detergents, abrasives, and as polishing agents in toothpaste