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Unit 1 Physical Geography Chapter 1 Geography The study of the physical and human landscapes of Earth and the interaction between the two Physical Geography – the study of Earth’s physical features, including hydrology, geomorphology, meteorology, and biogeography Human (Cultural) Geography – the study of human activities and their relationship to the cultural and physical environments including political science, anthropology, sociology, history, economics, cultural ecology, psychology, linguistics, religious studies, gender studies, urban planning, and demography Geographers specialize on the interaction between humans and the Earth I. Absolute Location Absolute location - The exact spot at which the place is found on the globe To determine absolute location, geographers use imaginary lines around the earth Rio Grande Carlsbad Caverns Elephant Butte Rocky Mts. Red Sands White Sands Exploring Geography The world is usually described in spatial terms Spatial relations- refer to the links that places and people have to one another because of their location You could use the terms Absolute location Relative location Physical Environment Consists of physical features that occur naturally 4 Major Components Water Natural Vegetation Landforms and rocks Weather and Climate Accessibility and connectivity are two interrelated ways to describe spatial interactions between two or more objects distributed throughout space. Accessibility refers to the relative distance separating things in space, as well as the relative costs or difficulties inherent to accessing something in space. Connectivity refers to the quality of relations between two or more objects in space Imaginary Lines Equator – divides the earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres Prime Meridian – divides the earth into Eastern and Western hemispheres (Greenwich, England) Latitude – degrees north or south of the equator (0-90°) Longitude – degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian (0-180°) Relative to lines of latitude near the equator, lines of latitude near the poles are shorter. This is the case because the overall circumference of the earth is smaller near the poles than at its center, near the equator Equator Prime Meridian In which hemisphere do you live? Grid System Grid System - Used to identify absolute location of any place on Earth Measured in degrees and direction Grid System II. Relative Location Relative location - location of a place in relation to other places This is usually how we determine location III. Places Place – a particular space with physical and human meaning Every place has its own unique characteristics, determined by the surrounding environment and the people who live there What is the most important place to you in the world and why? IV. Regions Region – a group of places united by similar characteristics May be physical such as soil type, vegetation and climate Or by human factors such as language, religion, forms of government, etc Name 5 regions that you already know Three types of Regions Formal (uniform) – defined by a common characteristics such as a product produced there or climate experienced there The Corn Belt – Iowa-Illinois area in the US Common Characteristic? Islamic World – Middle East Common Characteristic? Functional Region Functional - a central place and the surrounding area linked to it Group of places that help each other function Metropolitan areas such as LA or Tokyo What common characteristics do these areas have? Perceptual Region Perceptual - defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data “Heartland” Its what YOU think an area is Hollywood! Perceptual Region Activity WEST SIDE LOWER VALLEY EAST SIDE NORTHEAST Write 10 characteristics about each area V. Physical Systems Physical Systems-The physical processes that shape the patterns on Earth’s surface El Paso Floods Volcanoes Hurricane Katrina Ecosystems Ecosystems- Community of plants and animals that depend upon one another, and their surroundings for survival Geography look at how physical features interact with the ecosystems ECOSYSTEMS! Name 5 different processes within Ecosystems VI. Human Systems Geographers study how people shape the Earth Theme in Geography – MOVEMENT Movement – ongoing movement of people, goods and ideas People compete or cooperate with each other to either change or control aspects of the Earth to meet their needs Write 2 sentences as to why you think movement is important.. VII. Human-Environment Interaction Another theme of Geography HEI- The study of the interrelationship between people and their physical environment Environment Mountains and deserts often pose barriers to human movement Humans Building a dam, alters the physical environment Examples of Human-Environment Interaction How do people use their environment? How and why have they changed it? What consequences result from those changes? Use of Geography Geography gives us insight into how physical features and living things develop in the past It is important to apply all these concepts with events that are going on in the world TODAY!! Geographer’s Craft Geographers use tools to help them analyze information Population Pyramids Population Density Maps GPS (Global Positioning System) GIS (Geographic Information Systems) Cartography Direct Observation Interviewing Statistics Technology Writing Journal What is the study of Geography? What tools do geographers use?
