Download Exploration of the New World

Warm Up
• Grab one playing card and worksheet from on
top of filing cabinet. Do not look at the card!!!
Exploration of the New World
Causes for European Exploration
• European desire for
new trade routes
• Growing power and
wealth of European
nations
• Competition for trade
• Missionaries’ desire to
convert others to
Christianity
Effects of European Exploration
•
•
•
•
Knowledge grows about other regions
Europeans and Native Americans clash
Enslavement of Africans
Rivalry in the Americas grows
Early Portuguese Voyages
Reasons
• Wanted to find easier route
to West African gold
• Henry II wondered what lay
beyond
• Hired astronomers,
geographers, and
mathematicians to share
with sailors and shipbuilders
• Gold Coast
Henry the Navigator
Bartholomeu Dias
1487
• King John II of Portugal sent
him to southernmost part
of Africa
• Terrible storms at southern
tip
• Called it “Cape of Storms”
• King John called it Cape of
Good Hope because there
was hope that it may lead to
new trade route
Vasco da Gama
1497
• 4 ships from Portugal to find
trade route to India
• Reached Calicut in India in
1498
• 1st to make this trip
Christopher Columbus
Misconceptions
• We think that the people of
the 15th century believed
world was flat, while
actually educated people
believed it was round, but
just underestimated the size
• They believed one giant
ocean seperated Europe
from Asia
Christopher Columbus
1492
• King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain funded
• Spain funded Columbus
because he said he would
bring Christianity to any
lands he found and if route
to Asia was found, Spain
would become powerful
and wealthy
• Columbus wanted to go on
trip because he wanted to
prove he could get to Asia
by sailing west and Queen
Isabella promised him a
share of any riches gained
from the lands he
discovered.
Christopher Columbus
First Voyage
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Left Spain August 3, 1492
Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria were the
names of his ships
He had 90 other sailors with him
His crew grew upset after a month at sea
Columbus convinced them they were
almost there by lying about the distance
they traveled
October 12, 1492 at 2:00 in morning, the
crew found land
This land was believed to be the East
Indies off coast of India
Actually had landed on one of the islands
of present day Bahamas and named it San
Salvador, and claimed it for Spain
Christopher Columbus
• Called local people Indians
• Noted in journal that the Indians were awed by the Europeans
and would often touch them to find out “if they were flesh
and bones like themselves.”
• Upon his return to Spain, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
agreed to fund his future voyages and gave Columbus the title
of Admiral of the Ocean Sea.
Other voyages of Columbus
• 1493, 1498, 1502
• Explored modern day Haiti,
Dominican Republic, Cuba,
Jamaica, coasts of Central
American and northern South
America.
• He claimed land for Spain and
established settlements
• These explorations made it clear
that he had not reached Asia, but
a new part of globe that was
unknown.
• Spain had more voyages exploring
the Caribbean and Latin America,
establishing a Spanish Empire.
Line of Demarcation
• Spain and Portugal wanted to protect their new
lands, and asked Pope Alexander VI for help
• He drew a line splitting the Atlantic Ocean in half,
everything to the west was Spain’s, and everything to
the east was Portugal
• Portugal complained it was unfair and favored Spain
• In 1494, Treaty of Tordesillas moved the line further
west and divided the unexplored new world between
the two countries
Line of Demarcation
Columbian Exchange
Amerigo Vespucci
• 1499
• Mapped South America’s
coastline and concluded
South America was its own
continent, not part of Asia
• Geographer’s in 1500’s
started referring to this
continent as America in
honor of Vespucci
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• 1513 explored jungles of
Panama, looked for the
storied “great waters”
beyond the mountains of
Central America
• After days of hiking, he saw
a large body of water,
waded in it, and claimed it
and any connecting lands
for Spain
• First European to see the
Pacific Ocean
Spanish Conquest
• Hernan Cortes shows up with 600 men
• Cortes and his men were know as
conquistadores, or conquerers.
• They brought muskets and horses, which the
Indians did not know what they were.
Spanish Conquest
• Most important factor of conquest was not
weapons, it was disease.
- Natives had no immune system for the European
diseases.
• First epidemic, or widespread outbreak, of
smallpox hit central Mexico in 1520.
- greatly weakened the Aztec tribes and allowed Cortes
to finish his conquest by 1521.
• Cortes renames this area “New Spain.”
Ferdinand Magellan
• Spain sent him to find route to
Asia around S. America
• 1519
• Five ships and over 200 men sent
along coast of S. America
• November 1520, found a narrow
strip of water to sail, and is now
called the Strait of Magellan.
• “We are about to stand (go) into
an ocean where no ship has ever
sailed before.”
• Named it the Pacific Ocean,
which means peaceful
Ferdinand Magellan
• Expected to reach Asia in just a
few weeks after passing S. Americ
• Voyage lasted 4 months
• Sailors ate sawdust, rats, and
leather to stay alive due to no
food
• Magellan was killed during a fight
in the Phillipines
• After almost 3 years at sea, only 1
ship and 18 sailors complete the
voyage and became the first to
circumnavigate, or sail around,
the world
Giovanni da Verrazzano
• Italian hired by French
merchants and given
supplies by King Francis I
• Hired to find a sea route to
Asia
• Made land fall in 1524 at
what is now known as the
Cape Fear River
• Then traveled north to the
Pamlico and Albermarle
Sounds, west of the Outer
Banks, which he believed to
be the Pacific Ocean
Hernando De Soto
• Hernando De Soto of Spain
traveled through Western
NC to discover Appalachian
Mts.
• Juan Pardo of Spain was to
claim lands for Spain and
route used to protect silver
in Mexico
• Moved west through NC to
find food and supplies
• All soldiers and forts were
killed and destroyed by the
Native Americans which
caused Spain not to come
back