Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Thebes, Greece wikipedia , lookup
Spartan army wikipedia , lookup
List of oracular statements from Delphi wikipedia , lookup
Ionian Revolt wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Eurymedon wikipedia , lookup
Second Persian invasion of Greece wikipedia , lookup
Peloponnesian War wikipedia , lookup
The Persian Wars Persia The Persian empire dominated the middle east from the time of Cyrus II, 559 BC. Each province, or satrap, while having some independence owed allegiance to the Persian King. Heterogeneous population due to extent Persian Military • Lightly equipped with light armor and no helmets. Equipped with bow, arrows, daggers, and 5-6 ft spears. • Believed strength in numbers not weapons • Objective: archers break the enemy’s lines with the infantry and cavalry to clean up. Major Rulers of Persia during Persian Wars Cyrus II 559-530 BC Lydian king, Croesus, attempted to invade Persia prompting Persia to take over the Ionian colonies Darius 522-486 BC Extended the empire east to the Indus River Valley The Greeks sought his protection against Sparta after Sparta had attempted an oligarchy Began Persian Wars in 490 Battle of Marathon. Xerxes 486-465 BC Raised on hatred of Greeks Thermopylae, Plataea, and Salamis The extent of the Persian Empire at the time of Xerxes. Ionian Revolt 546 BC The Persians, under Cyrus II, conquered Ionia. Placed puppet-tyrants in the poleis 499 BC Miletus and surrounding Ionian citystates attempt to throw off Persian rule Sent to Athens and Eretria for support. Athens sent 25 triremes and burned Sardis. (Sparta refused help) 494 BC Persia destroys Miletus, Athens burns Sardis, and Athens leaves Athens is still considered a supplicant of Persia after petitioning Persia for help after Sparta installed the Oligarchy of 300. Persian Response • 492 BC Persia subjugates Thrace and Macedonia as it attempts to seek revenge on Athens and Eretria. • Darius gave Athens and Sparta option to surrender. • Petitioned them for earth and water once again. This time they refused. • Athens responded by tossing them into a crack in the acropolis and the Spartans by throwing them in a well. Major Battles Marathon Plataea Thermopylae Salamis Marathon 490 BC Persia lands at Marathon Phidippides runs 140 miles to Sparta for help-then runs back Persia meets Athens and is defeated Soldier runs home 26 miles to Athens Persia returns home to regroup The initial set up of the forces. Note that the Persians have their backs to the water and that the Athenians have stronger flanks and a weaker center. The double envelopment. The actual helmet worn by the Athenian general Miltiades at the battle of Marathon. 10 Year Hiatus Army generals rise in importance in Athens and the archons lose importance Themistocles persuades Athens to build navy of 200 triremes Battle of Thermopylae: Revenge 480 BC Xerxes sends out a land contingent and a sea contingent To block the army a stand was made at Thermopylae Sparta defeated and Persia burns Athens Salamis Themistocles used an oracle to convince the Athenians to have a naval battle The Athenians used their triremes to lure the much larger Persian fleet into the choppy straights at Salamis Plataea 479 BC Final battle between the Spartans and the Persians Ended the Persian threat The Persian Wars increased Athenian prestige and would lead to a conflict between the city-states called the Peloponnesian War