Download Age of Exploration - Marion County Public Schools

10/21/2013
Age of
Exploration
Background
By 1400, Europeans were ready to
venture beyond their borders


Mr. Day
Marion County High School
Renaissance encouraged a new
spirit of adventure and curiosity
Printing press spread ideas and
new maps and charts
What was the most difficult trip you
have ever been on?
1. Where were you going?
2. Why was it so difficult?
3. Was it worth it?
The Push/Pull
Factors
Reasons for immigration
I. Push FactorsFactors- Conditions that drive people from
their homes
A. Population growth
B. Lack of jobs & land
C. Food shortages
D. Political and religious persecution
II. Pull FactorsFactors- conditions that attract
immigrants to a new area
A. Promise of freedom and better life
B. Family or friends already there
C. Jobs available
D. Availability of land
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Motivations
Motivations:
Why did Europeans want
to explore?
GOD!!!
Spread Christianity
Crusades left hostility between Christians and
Muslims
• Europeans believed they
had a sacred duty to
continue fighting Muslims
and to convert nonnon-Christians
•
God, Gold, and Glory
GOLD!!!
People want wealth;
wealth; achieve that
through trade

Traded spices (nutmeg, ginger,
cinnamon, pepper)

Introduced during Crusades;
people still demanded goods
once wars ended

Demand greater than supply=
high prices
GLORY!!!

Many average people
longed to have
“celebrity status” so
they would set out on
an adventurous
voyage on the open
seas to see what they
could find.
GOLD!!! (cont’d)
•
Trade routes controlled by
Italians and Muslims
 Muslims sold Asian goods to
Italians
 Italian merchants resold items
at increased prices to
merchants throughout Europe
 Other traders did NOT like this
and wanted new routes that
bypassed Italian merchants
Real Estate Activity
• Create a real estate pamphlet to lure residents
and businesses to Marion County.
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Real Estate Activity
Create a real estate pamphlet to lure residents
and businesses to Marion County.
CATEGORY
NEW TECHNOLOGIES THAT
IMPACTED EXPLORATION
• Better And Faster Ship Design
4
3
2
1
Writing - Organization
Each section in the
brochure has a clear
beginning, middle, and end.
Almost all sections of the
brochure have a clear
beginning, middle and end.
Most sections of the
brochure have a clear
beginning, middle and end.
Less than half of the
sections of the brochure
have a clear beginning,
middle and end.
• Printing Press
Knowledge Gained
All students in the group
can accurately answer all
questions related to facts in
the brochure and to
technical processes used to
create the brochure.
All students in the group
can accurately answer most
questions related to facts in
the brochure and to
technical processes used to
create the brochure.
Most students in the group
can accurately answer most
questions related to facts in
the brochure and to
technical processes used to
create the brochure.
Several students in the
group appear to have little
knowledge about the facts
or technical processes used
in the brochure.
• The Invention Of The Clock
Content - Accuracy
All facts in the brochure are
accurate.
99-90% of the facts in the
99brochure are accurate.
89-80% of the facts in the
89brochure are accurate.
Fewer than 80% of the
facts in the brochure are
accurate.
Attractiveness &
Organization
The brochure has
exceptionally attractive
formatting and wellwell organized information.
The brochure has attractive
formatting and wellwell organized information.
The brochure has wellwell organized information.
The brochure\
brochure\'s formatting
and organization of material
are confusing to the reader.
• More Reliable Magnetic Compass
• Allowed For New Navigational MethodsMethods- Eventually
Longitude
• Astrolabe
Astrolabe-- Latitude Navigation
• More Accurate Maps
• Gun Powder And New Weapons
• Cannons And Muskets
New Exploration Technologies

Caravel: a 2 or 3
Caravel:
masted sailing ship
that was used by
the Spanish and
Portuguese in the
15th and 16th
centuries

New Exploration Technologies

had triangular sails
that made it
possible to sail
against the wind
Astrolabe: a
Astrolabe:
device that
enabled navigators
to learn their
ship's location by
charting the
position of the
stars (invented by
the Muslims)
New Exploration Technologies

Compass: a
Compass:
device that
allowed
navigation to
become much
more precise, it
uses the earth's
magnetic field to
indicate direction
(Chinese
invention)
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NEW WEAPONS
Weight
Create a short essay explaining
several technology changes that have
changed your life.
Cartography
Early and Medieval Maps
Ptolemaic map
the art, technique, or production of
compiling or drawing maps or
charts
Jerusalem maps
Mappa Mundi
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Portugal leads the way
Late Medieval and Renaissance Cartography
Portugal was 1st to establish
trading outposts along
the west coast of Africa
Prince Henry: son of
Portugal’s king
Nation’s most
enthusiastic supporter of
exploration
Conquered Muslim city in
North Africa where he
discovered exotic wealth
never found in Europe
(gold, ivory and salt)
•
•
Portolan map
Fra Mauro’s map
Portugal leads the way (cont’
(cont’d)
•
•
Henry wanted to
obtain west African
gold, ivory and salt.
1419 he founded a
navigation school in
Portugal
(mapmakers,
shipbuilders, scientists,
and sea captains,
gathered there to
perfect their trade)
Portugal leads the way (cont’
(cont’d)
•
By Henry’s death,
Portugal held a series
of trading posts along
western African
shores.


Portugal leads the way (cont’
(cont’d)
Portugal secures a Sea Route to Asia
1.
Bartolomeu Dias




1488 Sailed down w. coast of Africa
where he reached the tip
Huge storm arose, battered ships
Realized his ships were blown around the tip
Explored SE coast but crew was exhausted so
they returned home
Traded for African gold,
ivory and salt
The western coast of
Africa became known
as the Ivory Coast or
the Gold Coast
Portugal leads the way (cont’
(cont’d)
Vasco da Gama
•
•
•
•
•
1498 began exploring east African coast
Reached Calicut (SW coast of India)
Amazed by spices, rare silks, precious
gems
Filled boats with goods and returned to
Portugal where they sold them and made
several thousand percent in profits.
Da Gama’s voyage of 27,000 miles gave
Portugal a direct sea route to India
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Portugal leads the way (cont’
(cont’d)

The Portuguese established limited trade
relations with several mainland states
(part of the continent, as opposed to
peninsulas and offshore islands),
islands), including
Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, and what
remained of the old Angkor kingdom in
Cambodia.
Spain also makes claim (cont’
(cont’d)
•
Spain also makes claim
Christopher Columbus
•
1492 he convinced
Spain (although he
was Italian) to pay
for his plan to find a
trade route to Asia by
sailing west across
the Atlantic Ocean
Explored islands in the
Caribbean and
Honduras thinking he
had landed in Asia.
Christofo Colon (Christopher Columbus) [1451
[1451--1506]
October 1492: landed on a Caribbean Island
which he mistook for the East Indies (AKA Indonesia.)
Immediate impact of Columbus: Increased
tension between Spain and Portugal.
Columbus’ Four Voyages
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Spain also makes claim (cont’
(cont’d)
•
Spain vs. Portugal
•
•
Spain also makes claim (cont’
(cont’d)
Portugal believed
Spain reached Asia
and that Columbus
claimed lands that
the Portuguese
might have reached
first.
In 1494 Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty
of Tordesillas:
Tordesillas: imaginary North/South line that
gave lands on the east to Portugal (light
green) and the lands on the west to Spain
(dark green).
Pope Alexander VI
divided the land
between the 2
nations
Amerigo Vespucci
His descriptions of the lands led
to the new name of the
“New World”


Geographer who
wrote notes
about land they
found
“New World”
named in his
honor on a map
in 1507
Treaty of Tordesillas
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
Led the expedition that would become the
first to sail around the world, named the Pacific
Ocean


MAGELLAN DID NOT
SURVIVE THE
VOYAGE
OF THE 270 MEN AND
5 SHIPS WHO BEGAN
THE VOYAGE
AROUND THE GLOBE,
ONLY 1 SHIP AND 18
MEN FINISHED AND
RETURNED TO SPAIN
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Marco Polo
Magellan Dies:
A Primary Source

•Read the first hand account of Magellan’s death
given by a member of Magellan’s crew.

•THEN write at least a paragraph reflection about
what you just read.
Why Gold?

Italian explorer and author. He made numerous
trips to China and returned to Europe to write of
his journeys.
His accounts of his travels offered Europeans a
firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated
interest in Asian trade.
trade.
Hernando Cortes
established the 1st colony
in Mexico and conquered
the Aztec Empire.

Mercantilism – set of principles that
dominated economic thought in the 17th
century; it was the idea that the prosperity
and wealth of a nation depended on a large
supply of gold and silver



Aztec Empire
Aztecs (Native Americans from Mexico)

Capitol city was Tenochtitlan

Conquistador:



Conquered the
Aztec Empire
(1519–
(1519
–1521)
A Spanish
conqueror of the
Americas
Stole gold
Millions of natives
killed by smallpox
Governor of Mexico
Cortes meets Montezuma
Empire was vast and wealthy

Cortes landed at the
perfect time.


One Reed Year
Quetzalcoatl
(keht sahl koh AHTL)
 Sacrifice human
hearts to appease
the gods
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Layout of Tenochtitlan
Are They Gods?
Aztec ruler Montezuma
wondered if Cortes was
Quetzalcoatl
(keht sahl koh AHTL)



Cortes welcomed to the city


Fair skinned Aztec god who would
return from the East
Discovered gold in a secret room
Fearing safety took Montezuma
hostage and left for coast.

Montezuma was killed (unknown
killer)
Siege of Tenochtitlan


Battle scene at Tenochtitlan
Cortes conquered the capitol
Reasons for victory




Superior weapons (guns, cannons, armor, dogs,
horses)
Made allies with Aztec enemies
Aztecs fought to wound, Spanish fought to kill
Disease
Francisco Pizarro



Conquered the Incas
Held Atahualpa, the
Inca ruler, prisoner
Once he controlled the
area, he exploited the
Incas: taxes, labor in
mines
Spanish Conquest

Empire extends into North America

Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: traveled in
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, etc

Many missionaries settled in today’s U.S.

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The Impact on the
Spanish Colonies
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Wealthy empire from silver/gold
Built an Armada the Spanish word for a large fleet of ships
Became one of the most powerful
European nations
Woodcut of Potosi
Religion and the Spanish
Empire
Benefits for Spain

Exploitation of
gold and silver
Plantations
established
Trade increased
Natives forced
labor, lower class
Bring language
and
religion(Catholic)


Jesuit and
Franciscan
missionaries
brought Roman
Catholicism to
the New World
Missionaries
worked to stop
Native American
exploitation
The Triangular Trade
The Middle Passage
• Triangular trade:
trade: Trade network linking Europe,
Africa, Americas
• The journey slaves took to the Americas
•Europe sent finished goods to Africa
•Africans went as slaves to the Americas
•The Americas sent raw materials to Europe
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Slave Ship
The Slave Trade
1. Existed in Africa before the coming of the
Europeans.
2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with
Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves brought by the
Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exported
to other countries.
3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans
shipped to the Americas.
“Coffin” Position Below Deck
African Captives Thrown Overboard
Sharks followed the slave ships!
PLANTATIONS: a large agricultural
estate
King Afonzo of
Kongo
•Sugar became a major export crop
•Native peoples and African slaves worked the farms


In 1526 Afonso wrote a
series of letters
condemning the
establishment of the
trans-Atlantic slave trade.
He accused them of
illegally purchasing free
people as slaves.
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Slavery Personal
Narrative
Ibo Tribe


The transatlantic slave
trade affected the Ibo
heavily.

Write a personal narrative of what it would
have been like to been a captured slave
heading to the Americas.
The African society of
Ibo in eastern Nigeria
produced more slaves
than practically any
other in the continent
The French in North America
Further French Colonization
Looking for water route
to Pacific
•
•
Northwest Passage
New France: Quebec
Also explored Great
Lakes, Mississippi River
Dominate fur trade
Jesuit missionaries
arrive
New France remained
small
•
•
•
•
•
La Salle in Mississippi

Mississippi and Louisiana were claimed by the
French
Champlain in Quebec
The Dutch
Further French Colonization

Robert Cavelier
de La Salle
followed the
Mississippi River
all the way south
to the Gulf of
Mexico

Mississippi and
Louisiana
La Salle in Mississippi
established. New
Orleans
established



1609 Henry Hudson
explores waterways
for the Dutch
(Netherlands)
Dutch claim land,
found New
Netherland—
Netherland
—now
Albany, New York City
Dutch focus on fur
trade
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The Dutch and Java


Colonizing the Caribbean

They brought the island of
Java under their control and
established a fort.

European nations start colonies in the
Caribbean
Large cotton and sugar plantations work
by slaves
They used tactics such as
trying to dominate the clove
trade by limiting cultivation to
one island and forcing others
to stop growing and trading
the spice.
Dutch settlement in Java, 1665
New Colonial Rivals
Newscast from the Past Introduction


English Exploration

Henry VIII


You and your group will create a newscast
from the past.
Your group will have a prepre-selected
country to base your newscast on.
John Cabot

Wants to find
“Northwest Passage”
to Asia
fails



Wanted to find a
direct route to Asia
Small ships, poor
weather, and poor
maps were
obstacles
Explored the coast
of North America
and Newfoundland
Claimed North
America for England
Henry VIII
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Voyages of John Cabot
English Colonization
in North America




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English Motives


economic opportunities,
opportunities, like many of
those who settled in Virginia.
relief from religious persecution in
England.



Catholics in Maryland
Puritans in Massachusetts
Quakers in Pennsylvania
Newscast from the Past – Finish
Assigning Parts & Start Making
Scripts


You and your group will create a newscast
from the past.
Your group will have a prepre-selected
country to base your newscast on.
Slow colonization but
sped up in 1600s
Roanoke: failed
colony
Jamestown: first
permanent settlement
The 13 colonies
Causes of migration
Colonial Rivalries
Although much of the conflict was between the
Europeans and the lands they conquered,
conquered , there
was also conflict between the Europeans over
colonial interests.
Colonial
Conflicts
Trade Conflict
The Columbian Exchange
Plants, animals,
and foodstuffs
Disease
Migrations and
population shifts
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Columbian Exchange:
Plants and Animals
Columbian Exchange:
Plants and Animals
From the Americas:
Potatoes
Pumpkin
Coffee
Maize
Cocoa
Squash
Peanuts
Hominy
Pineapple
Tomatoes
Chicle
Sorghum
Quinine
Avocados
Alpaca
Llamas
Columbian Exchange:
European Diseases


European diseases
Smallpox, measles,
influenza, and
whooping cough
From Europe:
Wheat
Cauliflower
Radishes
Peas
Cabbage
Clover
Population and Migration



Population changes
Migration and
colonization
Forced migration
Smallpox victim
Slaves arriving in America
Development of Global
Trade


World connected
by trade
Silver,
bullionism, and
mercantilism
Pigs
Chickens
Cattle
Horse
Sheep
Final Observations



One of the
most critical
events in
modern history
Creation of
world network
New role for
Europe
Mining in the colonies
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Newscast from the Past – Finish
Scripts


You and your group will create a newscast
from the past.
Your group will have a prepre-selected
country to base your newscast on.
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