Download 4 - James Q. Jacobs

CIS 105
Survey of Computer Information Systems
Essential Concepts and Terminology
Study Unit 4
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Four Types of Input
Software transfers from storage to
memory, data, commands, and
responses.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Keyboard.
An arrangement of letter, number,
and special function keys that acts
as the primary input device to a
computer.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Autorepeat.
The keyboard function of entering
multiple copies of of a character
when a key is held down.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Dialog Box.
An on-screen window that provides
options associated with a
command. A type of window that
provides for input of information
needed by the computer.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Enhanced Keyboard.
The typical PC keyboard with 101
key. The equivalent Macintosh
keyboard is called the extended
keyboard.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Cordless Keyboard.
Battery-powered keyboards that
send signals with infrared or radio
waves, also called "wireless
keyboards."
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Cursor-Movement Keys.
Keys used to move the cursor
(insertion point) in a document,
including the arrow, the end,
home, page up, and page down
keys.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Numeric Keypad.
A calculator-style input device for
entering numbers and arithmetic
symbols, part of the extended
computer keyboard used enter
numerical data quickly.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Toggle Key.
A key, such as the "caps lock" or
"num lock" keys, that switches a
device back and forth between two
modes.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Function Keys.
The keys numbered Fl through
F12, located at the top of the
computer keyboard, that activate
program-specific commands. F1 is
often used for Help.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Escape Key.
A key labeled "esc" with program
specific functions, generally used
to interrupt or cancel an operation.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Modifier Keys.
Keys that, while they are held
down, modify the meaning and
input of other pressed key. The
"alt" and "ctrl" keys on PCs and
the control and command (apple)
keys on Macintosh computers.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Diacritical Marks.
Marks added to letters or symbols
to distinguish it in some way, often
indicating pronunciation.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Dead Key.
A type of keyboard shortcut used
to modify the following character,
such as adding diacritical marks.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Mouse.
A palm-sized input device that
allows the user to manipulate
objects on the screen by mirroring
movements on a surface.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Pointing Device.
The device, typically a mouse or
touchpad, that provides control of
the on-screen pointer.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Trackball.
A pointing device consisting of a
ball that is rotated to move the
pointer on the computer screen.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Touchpad.
A pressure-sensitive input device
used to control the on-screen
pointer by moving the fingertips
over the pad's surface.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Joystick.
An input device with a vertical
lever moved to control pointing
devices or on-screen objects.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Sound Card.
A circuit board that gives a
computer the ability to accept
audio input and produce audio
output.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Data Compression.
The process of making a data file
more compact. Image
compression typically removes
repetition or utilizes averaging.
Text documents are compressed
using abbreviations.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
MPEG.
A highly compressed file format for
digital video and audio files. MPEG
is short for "Moving Pictures Expert
Group."
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Pixel.
Short for picture element, a pixel
is the smallest unit in a graphic
image. Computer display devices
use a matrix of pixels to display
text and graphics, typically 72
pixels or dots per inch (dpi).
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Charge-Coupled Device.
A photosensitive computer chip
that transforms light patterns into
digital data.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Download.
The process of transferring a copy
of a file from a remote computer
to a computer's drive.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Video Capture Card.
Computer circuitry that transforms
analog video into a digital video
file, typically using on-the-fly data
compression.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Scanner.
A charge-coupled device for
digitizing images.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Resolution.
The density of the grid used to
display or print text and graphics.
The greater the horizontal and
vertical density, the higher the
resolution.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Bit Depth.
The number of bits used to
represent a pixel.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Optical Character
Recognition (OCR).
The process of converting images
of text into digital text files.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Facsimile Machine (FAX).
A device that transmits scanned
images of documents via
telephone lines.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Frame Rate.
In video output, the number of still
images displayed per second.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Graphics Card.
A computer circuit board to handle
the display of text, graphics,
animation, and videos. Also called
a video card, video adapter, or
display adapter. The video adapter
determines the display quality.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Video Memory (VRAM).
Memory located on a graphics card
that store images as they are
processed, accelerating processing
by freeing RAM and the CPU to
perform other tasks.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Video Graphics Adapter
(VGA) Standard.
The 640 x 480 color graphic
display standard. Super VGA is
the 1024 x 768 standard.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Color Depth.
The number of colors that can be
displayed at one time. Bit depth
determines the range of possible
colors. For example, an 8-bit color
depth can create 256 colors, and a
24-bit depth displays 16.7 million
colors.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Refresh Rate.
The update frequency rate of a
display, measured in cycles per
second.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Monitor.
An output device that displays an
image by converting electrical
signals into points of light.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).
A display technology using a
vacuum tube, similar to a
television set. CRT technology
used an electron stream and a
phosphorescent screen.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD).
Flat panel computer display in
which light passes through a thin
layer of liquid crystal cells to
produce an image.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Dot Pitch.
A measure of image clarity, the
diagonal distance between dots on
a display, measured in millimeters.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Multiscan Monitor.
A monitor designed to adjust its
refresh rate to the video adapter
output rate.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Ink Jet Printer.
A non-impact printer that creates
imagery composed of tiny dots by
spraying liquid ink.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Laser Printer.
A printer that uses laser-based
technology, creating electrical
charges on a rotating drum to
attract toner. The toner is fused
to paper using a heat process.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Musical Instrument Digital
Interface (MIDI).
Text file standards to encode and
transmit sound and music. FM
synthesis is the older standard,
and wavetable is the newer,
higher-quality standard.
CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 4
Created by James Q. Jacobs