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Transcript
Towards the End… Russia Exits the War • After three years of WWI, Russia is in economic and political turmoil • The Russian Revolution: Riots in March 1917 led to the collapse of the Russian Monarchy Russia Exits the War • January 1918: The new Russian leader, Lenin, signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany (agreement to stop fighting each other) • Russia is no longer involved in WWI • This allows Germany to focus on Western Front QUESTION Russia Exits the War: - What effect do you think this had on the remaining Allies? Germany Provokes the U.S U.S. ends neutrality after two significant events: SINKING OF LUSITANIA, 1915 Unrestricted submarine warfare: German submarines (“U-boats”) were sinking any ship without warning in the waters around Great Britain. Germans torpedoed a British cruise ship called the Lusitania, killing 128 Americans (Of the 1,906 people on board, 1,098 died) ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM, 1917 British intercepted a secret message from Germany to Mexico. Telegram promised to Mexico some U.S. land, if Mexico supported the German war effort. This is the ACTUAL telegram Germany tried to send to Mexico. Why do you think the message was only a bunch of numbers? - What were the Germans going to do? - What assumptions did Germany make about the U.S.? Japan? - How do you think the U.S. felt about the promise to Mexico? Explain. - What did Germany expect England/Britain would do after unleashing unrestricted submarine warfare? United States enters War • In April 1917, Congress declared war on Germany. http://www.efootage.com/stock-footage/75138/U.s._Enters_WW_I/ (click to watch clip) TOTAL WAR The Great War demanded all the resources of the countries that fought it Video: Women’s War Effort (click) http://www.efootage.com/stockfootage/75142/Women_Contribute_To_ War_Effort/ TOTAL WAR The Great War demanded all the resources of the countries that fought it: Video: Doughboys go to war / Red Cross Parade (click) http://www.efootage.com/sto ckfootage/75140/Doughboys_ Red_Cross_Parade/ TOTAL WAR The Great War demanded all the resources of the countries that fought it: •Governments took control of factories. It told them what to produce and how to much of it to make. •Rationing: Limited how much food and other goods people could buy and hold (so armies in the field would have the supplies needed) Video Clips • Women’s War Effort (click) http://www.efootage.com/stockfootage/75142/Women_Contribute_To_Wa r_Effort/ • Doughboys go to war / Red Cross Parade (click) http://www.efootage.com/stock-footage/75140/Doughboys_Red_Cross_Parade/ TOTAL WAR The Great War demanded all the resources of the countries that fought it: •War Bonds: Sold by the government to the nation’s people to gain money for the war and make civilians feel involved in their national militaries. (A loan to the government). Video: War Bonds / Weapons Production (click) http://www.efootage.com/stockfootage/75141/Stars_Sell_War_Bonds_Weapons_Production/ QUESTION U.S. Enters the War: - How many years had the war been going on without the U.S.? End of the War • American troops arrive and provide a morale boost to war weary European soldiers • By March 1918, Allied troops were pushing the Germans back across France and Belgium. • German uprisings forced their leader, Kaiser Wilhelm II, to flee into exile in the Netherlands • By Fall of 1918 Austria-Hungary also began to collapse • At 11am on November 11, 1918 the new German government signed an armistice (an agreement to stop fighting), officially ending the war. Costs of the War Deaths in Battle Wounded in Battle ALLIES Almost 5 million Almost 13 million CENTRAL POWERS Over 11 million Over 8 million QUESTION U.S. Enters the War: -What do these figures explain about both sides? Influenza Epidemic: In 1918 there was a “pandemic” (the spread of a disease across the world) that was more destructive than the war itself. Over 20 million people were killed by the flu in just a few months, threatening nations/people on each side of World War I. (On just a single day in Berlin, 1,500 people died)