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Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Greece • Cronus o King of the Titans o Had the following children with his wife, Rhea • Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon o Swallowed his children after they born to protect himself against a prophecy o When son Zeus was born, Rhea tricked him into swallowing a rock • Zeus grew up and forced his father to remove his siblings • Zeus and his siblings, along with Giants and Cyclopes, overthrew Cronus and the other Titans. o Was sent to Tartarus • Atlas o Titan that was punished by having to hold up the sky • Prometheus o Titan that punished for stealing fire from Zeus to give to mortals o He was bound to a rock, where every day an eagle would eat his liver. The next day it would grow back and the process would begin again • The Kraken o Titan feared by all of the Olympians o Was caged by Poseidon o Only could do Zeus’ bidding • Zeus split the world with his brothers o Zeus got the sky and air o Poseidon got the waters o Hades got the world of the dead • Zeus (Jupiter) o o o o o o o King of the gods Ruler of Mt. Olympus God of sky, weather, thunder, lightning Husband to Hera Pictured as a mature man Shown with a royal scepter and lightning bolt Sacred animals • Eagle and bull • Eris o Greek goddess of strife and discord • Nemesis o Spirit of divine retribution o Goddess of revenge • Tyche o God the governed the fortune and success of a city • Orion o Giant huntsman o Became a constellation • Castor and Pollux o Twin sons of Zeus o Became the constellation of Gemini • Minos o King of Crete o Every 9 years he would make King Aegeus pick 7 men and 7 women to go into the labyrinth to be eaten by the Minotaur o After his death became a judge of the dead in Hades • Hera (Juno) o Queen of the gods o Goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, and kings o Wife of Zeus o Shown as a beautiful woman wearing a crown and carrying a lotus-tipped staff o Sacred animals • Lion, peacock, and cuckoo • Aphrodite (Venus) o Goddess of love and beauty o Married to Hephaestus, but wasn’t faithful o Shown as a beautiful woman o Her symbols • Rose, scallop shell, pomegranate, and myrtle wreath o Sacred animal • Dove • Apollo (Apollo) God of music, healing, poetry, and archery Twin brother of Artemis Son of Zeus Shown as a handsome, beardless youth with long hair. o Symbols • Laurel wreath, bow and quiver, and lyre o o o o o Sacred animals • Dolphins, swans, cicadas, hawks, ravens, crows • Ares (Mars) o God of war, violence, manly courage, and civil order o Son of Zeus and Hera o Pictured as dressed in battle gear; golden armor and bronze-tipped spear o Sacred animals • Vulture, venomous snakes, alligators, and dogs • Poseidon (Neptune) o God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and creator of horses o Known as “Earth Shaker” o Brother to Zeus o Pictured as older man holding a trident o Sacred animals • Horse and dolphin • Hades (Pluto) o o o o King of the Underworld God of the dead Brother of Zeus Husband to Persephone o Symbols • Key of Hades and Cerberus (three-headed dog) o Sacred animal • Screech owl • Artemis (Diana) o Goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, and young girls o Associated with the moon o Twin sister of Apollo o Pictured as a young woman with a hunting bow and quiver of arrows. o Symbols • Hunting spears, animal pelts, wild animals o Sacred animals • Deer, bears, and wild boars • Athena (Minerva) o Goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy, and crafts o Was born from Zeus’ head fully formed o Pictured with a crested helmet, shield, and spear o Symbol • Olive tree o Sacred animal • Owl • Demeter (Ceres) o Goddess of agriculture and the harvest o Mother of Persephone o Pictured as a mature woman crowned holding wheat o Symbols • Cornucopia and winged serpent o Sacred animals • Pigs and snakes • Dionysus (Bacchus) o God of wine and parties o Son of Zeus o Pictured as an older man drinking from a cup o Sacred animals • Dolphins, tigers, and donkeys • Hephaestus (Vulcan) o God of metalworking, sculpture, stonemasonry, and volcanism o Son of Hera o Smith of the gods o Husband of Aphrodite o Pictured as a bearded man holding a hammer and tongs o Symbols • Hammer and anvil o Sacred animals • Donkey, guard dog, and crane • Hermes God of travel, messengers, trade, and thievery Messenger of the gods Leads souls of the dead into Hades Son of Zeus Pictured as a handsome, athletic man Symbols • Winged sandals and traveler’s cap o Sacred animals • Tortoise, ram, and hawk o o o o o o • Hestia (Vesta) o Goddess of hearth, home, and cooking o Sister of Zeus o Symbols • Hearth and kettle o Some stories say that she gave up her seat as an Olympian to Dionysus