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PERIODIC
TABLE
Dmitri Mendeleev
 Russian
chemist / school teacher
 Youngest of 17 children
 Noticed trends in the known elements
 PERIODIC LAW:
 When
elements are arranged in
order of increasing relative
mass, certain sets of properties
recur periodically
Dmitri Mendeleev
His
initial organization of the
elements is the basis of our
modern periodic table
We will explain the reason for
these trends later on
PERIODIC TABLE
 Use
your periodic table to take notes
 Periodic table is divided into columns and
rows
 Columns are called GROUPS. Groups
have elements with similar properties.
 Rows are called PERIODS. Periods have
elements with similar electron
configuration.
METALS VS. NONMETALS
 Look
at the periodic table at the front of
the class.
 Find the red “stair shaped” line located at
the right of the list. It starts with B (boron)
 This divides the metals (to the left of the
line); and
 The nonmetals (to the right of the line)
 Note this line on your periodic table
METALS VS. NONMETALS
 Metals:





Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable: can be pounded flat
Ductibility: can be drawn into wires
Often shiny
Tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions
 Transition
metals: the metals locate in
group 3-12
NONMETALS
 Nonmetals:
 Poor
conductors of heat and
electricity
 Much more varied properties
than metals
Some are solids and some are
gases at room temperature
 Tend to gain electrons in
chemical reactions
METALLOIDS
(SEMICONDUCTORS)
 Elements
located near the line dividing
metals and nonmetals are sometimes
called semiconductors or metalloids:







Boron (B)
Silicon (Si) – very important for computers
Germanium (Ge)
Arsenic (As)
Antimony (Sb)
Tellurium (Te)
Astatine (At)
METALLOIDS
 Metalloids
have intermediate
conductivity for electricity
 This conductivity can be changed
and controlled
 Very useful for the binary
language of computers
MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS
 Main
group elements: These
elements have predictable
behaviors based on their position on
the periodic table.
 Predictability is based on the
GROUPS, or the columns in the
Periodic table
GROUP 1 (OR IA)
 Group
1 is located in column 1.
 This group is called the Alkali metals
 Alkali metals are very active metals
 For example: Pure sodium added to
water creates a huge explosion.
 Alkali metals are soft and can be cut
with a knife
 When they undergo chemical
reactions, they tend to lose 1 electron
and produce a (+1) charge
GROUP 2 (OR IIA)
 Group
2 is located in column 2.
 This group is called the Alkali earth metals
 Alkali earth metals are fairly reactive,
but not as reactive as Alkali metals
 For example: Magnesium gives off a
very bright, white light when lit.
 Harder, denser and stronger metals
 When they undergo chemical
reactions, they tend to lose 2 electron
and produce a (+2) charge
GROUP 7 (OR VIIA)
 Group
7 is located in column 17.
 This group is called the Halogens
 Very reactive nonmetals
 Often gaseous at room temperature
 Elements are often used to sterilize
(chlorine or bromine in pools; fluorine
in the water)
 When they undergo chemical
reactions, they tend to gain 1 electron
and produce a (-1) charge
GROUP 8 (OR VIIIA)
 Group
8 is located in column 18.
 This group is called the Noble Gases
 Chemically inert (does not undergo
chemical reactions)
 For example: Balloons now use Helium
gas instead of Hydrogen
 Noble gases do not gain or lose
electrons without lots of energy
LATHANIDES
 Have
atomic numbers from 58-71
 Elements that come after the
element, Lanthanum (La)
 Shiny, reactive metals
 Irregular electron configurations
ACTINIDES
 Have
atomic numbers from 90-103
 Elements that come after the element
Actinium (Ac)
 All actinides are radioactive

Example: Nuclear fission of uranium
produces a large amount of energy as
produced in a nuclear missile or atomic
reactor.
TRANSITION METALS


Not as predictable in how they behave
They may lose different number of
electrons in reactions
 Example:
 Iron can lose 2 or 3 e- in a reaction
and make
 Fe+2
 Fe+3
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE LABELED
YOUR PERIODIC TABLES
 Have the following groups
 Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids
 Alkali metals
 Alkali earth metals
 Halogens
 Noble gases
 Also the following periods
 Lanthanides
 Actinides
 Transition metals