Download moments and circular motion – test

CFS Science Department Test
Moments and Circular Motion
Total: 49 Marks
Time: 1 Hour
Name: ___________________________
Score: _______
Grade: _______
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
1
1.
A child stands a wooden brick on its end as shown in the diagram.
The child then pushes the brick to make it tilt.
How far must the brick be tilted to make it fall over?
Explain your answer.
(You may draw a labelled diagram if you wish.)
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(Total 2 marks)
2.
The diagram shows a simple machine for lifting water from a river.
operator pushes downwards
here
1.5m
3m
(a)
weight of bucket of water
=200N
Calculate the turning force (moment) of the bucket of water. (Show your working.)
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Answer .......................................................... Nm (newton metre)
(2)
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
2
(b)
What can you say about the size of downwards force the operator must use to balance the
moment of the bucket of water?
(Explain your answer, using numbers if you can.)
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(4)
(Total 6 marks)
3.
The diagram shows a crane which is loading containers onto a ship.
Large
18 m
concrete
blocks
(a)
Weight of
container
= 45 000 N
Use the equation in the box to calculate the moment of the container which is being
loaded.
moment = force 
perpendicular distance from the line of
action of the force to the axis of rotation
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
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Moment of the container = .......................................................
(3)
(b)
Suggest and explain the purpose of the large concrete blocks.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
3
4.
(a)
The diagram shows a lampshade hanging from the ceiling. Draw an  on the diagram so
that the centre of the  marks the centre of the mass of the lampshade.
(1)
(b)
Complete the sentence using the correct word or phrase from the box.
above
below
to the left of
to the right of
A suspended object will come to rest with its centre of mass directly
................................................. the point of suspension.
(1)
(c)
The diagrams show equipment that a student uses to find the centre of mass of a thin
sheet of card.
Boss
Irregular piece of card
Stand
String
Strong pin
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
Weight
4
Arrange these sentences in the correct order to describe how the student can find the centre of
mass of the card.
The sequence starts with sentence D and finishes with sentence E.
A
A line is drawn on the card marking the position of the string.
B
The pin is put through one of the holes in the card and held in the boss.
C
This is repeated using the other hole.
D
Two holes are made in the card with each hole near to the edge of the card.
E
The centre of mass is where the lines cross on the card.
F
The weight is tied to the string and then the string is hung from the pin.
D
E
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
5.
A spanner gives a turning effect to undo a nut.
(a)
Complete the sentence.
The turning effect of a force is called the .................................................... of the force.
(1)
(b)
The diagram shows a spanner being used.
Axis of rotation
Nut
Spanner
Force (= 20 N)
20
cm
Use the equation in the box to calculate the spanner’s turning effect in newton metres.
turning effect  force
perpendicular distance from the line of action
of the force to the axis of rotation
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Turning effect = .............................. Nm
(2)
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
5
(c)
Give two ways in which you can increase the spanner’s turning effect.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
6.
A television satellite is in a circular orbit around the Earth.
(a)
Explain, as fully as you can, why the satellite stays in its orbit.
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(4)
(b)
A second satellite, which has exactly the same mass as the first, is put into a higher orbit.
The second satellite moves at half the speed of the first.
Compare the kinetic energy of the satellites as they move around their orbits.
Explain your answer.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
6
7.
(a)
A student has fastened a ball to a piece of string and is swinging it round in a horizontal
circle.
(i)
The diagram below shows an overhead view of the movement of the ball.
Add an arrow, from the centre of the ball, to show the direction in which the ball
would move if the string broke at this instant.
Force F
(1)
(ii)
Complete the table to show how force F changes if the student changes what he is
doing. In each case, all the other factors stay the same.
If the student
uses a ball with a greater mass
Force F needs to
.................................................
swings the ball at a greater
speed
.................................................
swings the ball with a shorter
piece of string
.................................................
(3)
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
7
(b)
The Moon orbits the Earth in a circular path. Use words from the box to complete the
three spaces in the sentence.
direction
resistance
speed
velocity
You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
The Moon’s ................................. is constant but its .......................................... changes
because its .......................................... changes.
(2)
(c)
When any object moves in a circular, or nearly circular, path a force must act towards the
centre of the circle.
(i)
What word is used to describe this force?
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(1)
(ii)
The Moon orbits the Earth. What provides the force towards the Earth?
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(1)
(iii)
In an atom, name the particles which are moving in circular paths around the
nucleus.
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(1)
(iv)
In the case of an atom, what word describes the forces which keep these particles
moving in circular paths around the nucleus?
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
8.
A girl and her father visit a children’s playground.
(a)
The diagram shows the girl holding on to a roundabout which is turning.
Q
R
Overhead
view
P
S
A centripetal force must act because the girl moves in a circular path.
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
8
(i)
In which direction, P, Q, R or S, does the centripetal force act?
Direction ..........
(1)
(ii)
What provides this centripetal force?
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(1)
(iii)
Her father pushes the roundabout so that it turns faster. The girl continues to stand
on the same part of the roundabout.
Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the
box.
decreases
The centripetal force on the girl
does not change
increases
(1)
(b)
The diagram shows the girl and her father on a see-saw.
1½ m
240 N
(i)
Use the equation in the box to calculate the moment of the girl.
moment = force 
perpendicular distance from the line of
action of the force to the axis of rotation
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Moment of the girl = ....................................... Nm
(2)
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
9
(ii)
What must her father do to increase his moment?
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(1)
(c)
The diagram shows part of a level road that they take when they drive home. They drive
at a steady speed.
C
A
(i)
B
D
At which point, A, B, C or D, will the centripetal force on the car be greatest?
Centripetal force is greatest at .................... .
(1)
(ii)
What provides the centripetal force when the car goes round a bend?
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Total 49 Marks
Colonel Frank Seely Comprehensive School
10