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Cells – Part 3 12. Vacuole Vacuole A. Temporary storage (sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes & pigments) B. Plants have a large central vacuole C. Animals have a small or absent vacuole 1 13. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) A. “Powerhouse” of the cell B. Generate cellular energy (ATP) C. More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria D. Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria E. Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning sugar to produce energy (ATP) ) 2 MITOCHONDRIA A. Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane 1. Increases surface area for more chemical reactions B. Has its own DNA 3 14. Plastids (Plant Cells) A. A plant organelle B. Contain pigments C. Example: A. Leucoplasts: colorless; store starch 4 15. Chloroplast (Plant cells) A. Contain the green pigment chlorophyll B. Traps in sunlight to make sugar (food) C. Process is called photosynthesis 5 16. Cytoskeleton A.Helps cell maintain cell shape B. Made of proteins C. Network of fibers constructed of: a. microtubules b. microfilaments 6 17. Peroxisomes 1. Use oxygen to break down fats 2. In the liver; detoxifies alcohol 18. Centrioles (Animal cell) 1. Near the nucleus 2. Paired structure 3. Help cell divide 7 19. Cilia 1. Movement in unicellular organisms 2. Occur in large numbers 3. Cells in a part of a tissue layer use cilia to move fluid over the surface. 4. Example: Lining of windpipe 20. Flagella 1. Movement in unicellular organisms 2. Generally longer than cilia and limited to one or a few per cell 3. Example: Sperm and algae 8 Cell Comparisons A. Types of Cells 1. Different kinds of 2. Different kinds of animal cells plant cells 9 Similarities between plant and animal cells 1.Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm 2.Both have a nucleus 3.Both contain mitochondria 10 C. Differences between plant and animal cells Animal Cells Plant Cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape Relatively larger in size No cell wall Cell wall present Vacuole small or absent Large central vacuole Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Starch as food source Regular shape Nucleus near cell wall 11 D. Animal Cell Organelles E. Plant Cell Organelles 12