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Plant Reproduction
By Brian Cambron
Kaskaskia College
Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms
Flowers = type of organ (many tissues and
parts working for one function
Parts:
Floral shoot (at tip of shoot)
Receptacle = region of shoot where parts are attached
Sepals = base leaves, outermost, still green
Calyx = collective term for all sepals
Petals = next layer of leaves, colored, highly modified
Corolla = collective term for all petals
Stamens = fertile male reproductive organ
Pistil = fertile female reproductive organ
Stamens
“Male” reproductive organ
Consists of two parts
Anther = consists of 4 pollen chambers fused
together
Filament = stalk that supports anther
Pollen chambers called microsporangia
All stamens collectively called androcia
Pistils
“Female” reproductive organ
Consists of three parts
Ovary = enlarged basal part with ovules
Style = stalk that extends from ovary to stigma
Stigma = flattened receptive area at top of pistil
Carpels = ovule bearing units, maybe many in one
pistil fused together or separate
Gynoecium = collective term for all carpels
Placentae = ovule attachment within carpel
Petals and Sepals
Modified leaves
Alternately whorled
May be fused into odd arrangements
Regular and irregular symmetry
Non-photosynthetic
Reproductive Morphology
Flower Variation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Complete flower = has all major parts
Incomplete flower = lacks one or more flower parts
Perfect flower = flower with both stamens and pistils
Imperfect flower = with only stamens or pistils
1.
2.
5.
Staminate
Pistillate (carpellate)
Varied ovary position
1.
2.
Superior = other flower parts attached below ovary base
Inferior = other flower parts attached to top of ovary
Alternation of Generations
Only in plants
Two generations to every life cycle
Sexual reproduction in plants entails
meiosis
Sporophyte = produces spores
Gametophyte = produces gametes (sperm
and egg cells)
Various ovule placentae
attachements
Lilium ovary cross
section showing
three carpels with
ovules
Development of the female gametophyte inside the ovule
through multiple divisions starting with a megaspore.
Typical events
of pollen tube
formation and
fertilization.
Plants require Double Fertilization. Two sperm cells
fertilize the ovule, one for the egg and one for the
endosperm.