Download Preview Sample 1 - Test Bank, Manual Solution, Solution Manual

1. What are the major elements found in the body?
A) Nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, sodium
B) Hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium
C) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
D) Oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium
E) Potassium, phosphorus, sodium, hydrogen
Ans: C
2. The subatomic particles that make up atoms include:
A) Neutrons, quarks, muons
B) Protons, neutrons, electrons
C) Muons, positrons, neutrons
D) Electrons, quarks, protons
E) Positrons, protons, neutrons
Ans: B
3. Which of the following particles has a neutral charge?
A) Neutron
B) Atom
C) Proton
D) Both neutron and atom
E) All of the above
Ans: D
4. What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?
A) Cloud
B) Nucleus
C) Element
D) Ring
E) Shell
Ans: B
5. By definition, the atomic number of an atom refers to:
A) The number of protons in the nucleus
B) The number of neutrons in the nucleus
C) The number of electrons in the nucleus
D) The sum of protons and electron in the atom
E) The sum of protons and neutrons in the atom
Ans: A
Page 1
6. Which statement about an atom is true?
A) There is always an equal number of electrons and neutrons
B) The nucleus is always negatively-charged because that is where the electrons are
found
C) Protons and electrons are found in the nucleus and neutrons occupy the
surrounding cloud
D) There is an equal number of protons in the nucleus and electrons in the
surrounding cloud
E) There is always an equal number of neutrons and protons
Ans: D
7. What determines the different elements found in nature?
A) The number of neutrons in the nucleus
B) The number of electrons in the nucleus
C) The number of protons in the nucleus
D) The sum of the neutrons and protons in the nucleus
Ans: D
8. Please describe the difference between an atom and an ion.
Ans: An atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. An ion has either gained
one or more electrons or given up one or more electrons.
9. Please describe the difference between an ion and a molecule.
Ans: An ion is an atom that has either gained one or more electrons or given up one or
more electrons. A molecule results from two or more atoms sharing electrons.
10. What is a “cation”?
A) Any atom that has lost or gained electrons, resulting in a negatively-charged ion
or a positively-charged ion
B) An atom that has lost one or more neutrons
C) An atom that has gained one or more electrons, resulting in a negatively-charged
ion
D)
An atom that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positively-charged ion
Ans: D
11. Which chemical bond results from the electrons of one atom being attracted to the
protons of another atoms?
A) An ionic bond
B) A covalent bond
C) A hydrogen bond
D) A polar non-covalent bond
E) An atomic bond
Ans: A
Page 2
12. Which of the following particles plays a role in creating chemical bonds?
A) Neutrons
B) Electrons
C) Protons
D) Both neutrons and protons
E) All of the above
Ans: B
13. What term is applied to cations and anions that form when an ionic compound is
dissolved in water?
A) The cations are called electrolytes and the anions are called isotopes molecule
B) The cations are called isotopes and the anions are called electrolytes
C) Both the cations and anions are called electrolytes
D) The cations are called protons and the anions are called electrons
Ans: C
14. Which of the below provides an electrical current?
A) Isotopes
B) Compounds
C) Electrolytes
D) Valence molecules
Ans: C
15. This type of bond requires a sharing of electrons.
A) Covalent
B) Ionic
C) Hydrogen
D) Atomic
E) Electronic
Ans: A
16. This is the type of bond between the atoms forming a molecule of water
A) Nonpolar covalent
B) Polar covalent
C) Hydrogen
D) Ionic
E) Atomic
Ans: B
Page 3
17. This is the type of bond that holds water molecules together
A) Nonpolar covalent
B) Polar covalent
C) Hydrogen
D) Ionic
E) Atomic
Ans: C
18. Please describe a hydrogen bond.
Ans: Hydrogen bonds form between the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom and
a slightly negatively charged atom, mostly oxygen or nitrogen.
19. This occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms.
A) Ions
B) Electrolytes
C) Isotopes
D) Chemical reaction
E) Compounds
Ans: D
20. This is defined as the capacity to do work.
A) Metabolism
B) Electrolytes
C) Chemical reaction
D) Concentration
E) Energy
Ans: E
21. Please describe kinetic energy, potential energy, and chemical energy
Ans: Kinetic energy is the energy of matter in motion, potential energy is energy stored
in matter, and chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is stored in the
bonds of molecules.
22. Which statement describes catabolism?
A) Chemical reactions that include both synthesis and decomposition
B) Combining two or more atoms, ions or molecules to form new, larger molecules
C) Energy-releasing reactions that occur when nutrients are broken down by
decomposition reactions
D) The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Ans: C
Page 4
23. This type of chemical reaction will combine reactants to produce larger products.
A) Synthesis
B) Decomposition
C) Potential
D) Exchange
E) Activated
Ans: A
24. Which statement correctly describes metabolism?
A) The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
B) The synthesis of a molecule from atoms, ions or smaller molecules
C) The breakdown of large molecules, producing energy
D) The breakdown of large molecules, producing heat
Ans: A
25. This is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body.
A) Water
B) Oxygen gas
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Glucose
E) DNA
Ans: A
26. Material that dissolves in water is called a:
A) Inorganic compound
B) Organic compound
C) Solvent
D) Solute
Ans: D
27. In a typical body solution, the solvent is:
A) Glucose
B) Lipids
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Electrolyte
E) Water
Ans: E
28. Describe the functions of water in the body.
Ans: Water is a solvent that allows transportation of solutes. Water acts in hydrolysis
reactions to split reactants. Water can transport heat and, through sweating,
releasing heat from the body. Water is used as a lubricant, particularly in serous
fluids.
Page 5
29. A solution with a pH value smaller than 7 would be a(n):
A) Base
B) Salt
C) Acid
D) Alkaline
E) Concentrate
Ans: C
30. Which statement about acidity is true?
A) As more hydrogen ions (H+) are removed from a solution, the solution becomes
more acidic
B) As more hydrogen ions (H+) are dissolved in a solution, the solution becomes
more acidic
C) As more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide (–OH) are dissolved in a solution, the
solution becomes a salt
D) As more hydrogen ions (H+) are dissolved in a solution, the solution becomes
more alkaline
Ans: B
31. Which of the following is considered a proton donor?
A) Acid
B) Base
C) Salt
D) Organic compound
E) Colloid
Ans: A
32. A substance that adds or removes hydrogen ions from a solution is a(n):
A) Base
B) Salt
C) Acid
D) Alkaline
E) Buffer
Ans: E
33. The role of buffers is to:
A) Convert weak acids into strong bases
B) Convert weak bases into strong acids
C) Convert weak acids or bases into strong acids or bases
D) Convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases
E) Convert all acids and bases into a neutral pH (7) solution
Ans: D
Page 6
34. Homeostatic mechanisms maintain the pH of blood between:
A) 7-8
B) 7.35-7.45
C) 7.0-7.35
D) 6-8
Ans: B
35. What element do all organic compounds contain?
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Sodium
D) Chloride
E) Carbon
Ans: E
36. Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
A) Sugars
B) Glygogen
C) Starches
D) Cellulose
E) All are carbohydrates
Ans: E
37. Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is important in producing energy?
A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Lactose
D) Ribose
E) Deoxyribose
Ans: A
38. The major energy storage polysaccharide in humans is:
A) Cellulose
B) Ribose
C) Lipids
D) Fats
E) Glycogen
Ans: E
Page 7
39. When the body demands energy, glycogen is broken down into:
A) Cellulose
B) Ribose
C) Lipids
D) Glucose
E) Fats
Ans: D
40. The most plentiful lipids in the body are:
A) Sterols
B) Triglycerides
C) Fatty acids
D) Glycerols
Ans: B
41. This type of triglyceride contains more than one double bond in the fatty acid carbon
atoms.
A) Saturated
B) Monounsaturated
C) Polyunsaturated
D) Acylglycerols
E) Lipoprotein
Ans: C
42. This type of lipid is the body's long term energy storage molecule.
A) Steroid
B) Phospholipid
C) Cholesterol
D) Triglyceride
E) Lipoprotein
Ans: D
43. This type of lipid is used by the body to create hormones.
A) Cellulose
B) Phospholipid
C) Cholesterol
D) Triglyceride
E) Lipoprotein
Ans: C
Page 8
44. Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?
A) They contain an glycerol backbone
B) The head group is polar
C) The molecule is an important part of cell membranes
D) The tail groups are nonpolar
E) They are a major energy storage lipid
Ans: E
45. Describe three functions of proteins in the body.
Ans: Any 3 of: Enzymes speed up chemical reactions, proteins are the contractile units
of muscles, antibodies help defend against invading microbes, some hormones are
proteins.
46. The building blocks of proteins are:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Phospholipids
C) Substrates
D) Amino acids
E) Nucleic acids
Ans: D
47. An enzyme acts to:
A) Slow down chemical reactions
B) Speed up chemical reactions
C) Convert the activation energy of a chemical reaction into potential energy
D) Inhibit the activity of catalysts
Ans: B
48. Describe what happens to a protein's structure and function when it is denatured.
Ans: The protein will become unraveled and lose its unique shape. Loss of that shape
will destroy the protein's function.
49. The building blocks of DNA and RNA are called:
A) Amino acids
B) Carbohydrates
C) Polysaccharides
D) Riboses
E) Nucleotides
Ans: E
Page 9
50. Which is the function of ATP?
A) Produce electrical impulses
B) Transfers energy liberated from its breakdown for cell functions
C) Transfers information for protein synthesis
D) Stores information for protein synthesis
E) Transport of fluids
Ans: B
Use the following to answer questions 51-53:
For questions 51-53, please refer to the image below.
51. This illustration shows an atom with 6 neutrons (A), 6 protons (B), and 6 electrons (C).
Which particles are negatively charged?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) A, B, and C
E) None
Ans: C
Page 10
52. This illustration shows an atom with 6 neutrons (A), 6 protons (B), and 6 electrons (C).
Which particles are positively charged?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) A, B, and C
E) None
Ans: B
53. This illustration shows an atom with 6 neutrons (A), 6 protons (B), and 6 electrons (C).
Which particles carry no charge?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) A, B, and C
E) None
Ans: A
Page 11
54. Please identify the cation and the anion, explaining your rationale and describe the type
of chemical bond you see forming in this illustration.
Ans: The cation is the sodium, which donates an electron, becoming
positively-charged. The anion is the chloride, accepting the electron and becoming
negatively-charged. The bond that forms between them is an ionic bond.
55. Please identify the type of bond being formed between the two oxygen atoms seen in
this illustration.
Ans: The two oxygen atoms form a covalent bond
Page 12
56. Please identify the magnified molecule in this illustration, where can it be found in a
eukaryotic cell, as shown on the right-side image, and what the special properties of this
molecule are?
Ans: This is a phospholipid found in the plasma membranes of all eukaryotic cells
(including the cells of humans). It has a polar hydrophilic head group and a
nonpolar hydrophobic tail group making it amphipathic.
Page 13
57. This illustration shows how an enzyme works. Please describe what is happening at
steps 1, 2 and 3.
Ans: At number one, the enzyme and substrate come together at the active site of the
enzyme forming the enzyme-substrate complex. At number two, the enzyme
catalyzes the reaction and decomposes the substrate into two products. At number
three, the reaction is complete and the enzyme remains unchanged and free to
catalyze the same reaction again on a new substrate.
Page 14