Download forces of change

FORCES OF CHANGE
Layers of the Earth:
The super-hot solid inner layer of iron and nickel under extreme pressure
The liquid layer of melted iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core.
The thickest layer. This layer is made up of hot, dense rock – silicon, aluminum,
iron, magnesium, and oxygen. This layer rises, cools, sinks, warms up, rises, etc.
The rocky shell that covers the earth’s surface. The shell is broken up into plates
that move apart or ground together to push up mountains, create volcanoes, and produce earthquakes.
The shifting of the earth’s plates.
Draw a diagram of the Earth’s layers:
Internal Forces of Change:
When a sea plate and continental plate collide, the heavier sea plate dives under
the lighter continental plate. The sea plate is then heated and becomes magma which escapes through
volcanoes.
Draw a diagram of this process:
Slow process that occurs when a sea plate slides under a continental plate. This
causes debris that causes continents to grow outward.
Draw a diagram of this process:
When sea plates pull apart leaving a rift, or deep crack. Magma wells up
between the two plates to make underwater volcanoes or ridges.
Draw a diagram of this process:
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______When moving plates squeeze the earth’s surface until it bends the layers of rock.
Draw a diagram of this process:
When moving plates grind or slide past each other, creating cracks in the crust.
Draw a diagram of this process:
Sudden, violent moving of plates along a fault where built up pressure suddenly
snaps and shifts.
Area along the edge of the Pacific Ocean that is a zone of frequent earthquakes
and volcanoes.
Mountains formed by lava (or magma) that breaks through the earth’s crust.
External Forces of Change:
Process that breaks down rocks on the earth’s surface into smaller pieces.
Form of weathering that occurs when large masses of rock are broken down into
smaller pieces.
Give an example of this process:
This form of weathering changes the make-up of the rock by transforming
minerals or combining with new elements.
Give an example of this process:
Wearing away of the earth’s crust by water, wind, and glacial movement.
Movement of dust, sand, and soil from one area to another. Plants help prevent
this.
Large bodies of ice move slowly across the earth’s surface as they move they pick
up rocks and soils in their path. As the body of ice retreats it can also leave fields of debris behind.
Fast-moving water cuts into the land as it flows downstream. Ocean waves can
also erode coastal cliffs.
Water is the most significant cause of erosion.