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Chapter 14: The Sentence
By Mrs. Anderson
Definition of a Sentence
a group of words
 contains a subject and a verb
 expresses a complete thought
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Subject and Predicate
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A sentence consists of two parts:
The subject
 The predicate

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Example:
Simple Predicate and Complete Predicate

The principal word or group of words in the complete predicate is called the
simple predicate, or the verb.
Spiders snare their prey in an intricate web.
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Verb Phrase

A verb may consist of more than one word:

Are walking, will walk, might have walked.
 Has
Sally helped you?
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Simple Subject and Complete Subject

The main word or group of words in the complete subject.

A dog with his pedigree is usually nervous.
Caution: remember that noun and subject do not mean the same thing.
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How to Find the Subject
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Always pick out the verb first:

The shutters on that house are painted green.



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Verb = are painted
Ask: Who or what are painted?
Shutters = subject.
The subject is never in a prepositional phrase.

One of my relatives has taken a trip.
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Subject in Unusual Place
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When a sentence begins with here or there:

There are two apples in the refrigerator.


Ask: who or what are in the refrigerator? Answer = Apples (subject)
Sentences that ask questions:

Were your friends early?

Your friends were early.


Turn them into statements:
Subject = friends
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Sentences without Subject

Requests or commands leave the subject out:


Rake the yard.
Pick up the fallen branches.
 The


subject is understood to be you.
(You) Rake the yard.
(You) Pick up the fallen branches.
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Compound Subjects

Two or more subjects connected by and or or and having the same verb are
called compound subjects.

Mr. Oliver and his daughter planted a vegetable garden.
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Compound Verbs

Two or more verbs joined by a connecting word and having the same
subject are called compound verb.

We danced the rumba and sampled the meat pies.
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Fragments

Sentences must have a subject, verb, and a complete thought.
Frag: “Because she concentrates.”
 Complete thought: “She does well in tennis because she concentrates.”

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Complements
A word or group of words that completes the meaning begun by the subject and verb.
S
V
C
“Snow covered the hillside.”
 Ask: snow covered what?


The hillside = complement
A complement is never part of a prepositional phrase, nor is it an adverb.
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The Subject Complement

A noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows a linking verb.
It identifies, describes, or explains the subject.
If it is a noun or pronoun, then it is a predicate nominative:

If it is a adjective, then it is a predicate adjective:




Jerry is a soccer player.
Susan seems confident.
Linking Verbs
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Common linking verbs:


Be, become, feel, smell, taste, look, grow, seem, appear, remain, sound, stay.
And any form of to be:

Is, was, were, have been, will be, can be, etc.
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Distinguishing Between Subject and Complement
S
V
Martin Luther King, Jr., is a national hero
V
S
C
Was he a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize?
Becomes: He was a recipient of the Nobel . . .
C
S
What a fine speaker the Reverend King was!
Becomes: The Reverend King was a fine speaker.
C
V
Anything following a form of to be is a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective.
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Direct Objects
A word or group of words that directly receives the action expressed by the
verb or shows the results of the action. It answers to the question: what?
Or whom? after an action verb.
S
V
DO
The mechanic fixed our car.
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Indirect Objects
A noun or pronoun in the predicate that precedes the direct object. It tells
to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done.
S
V
IO
A
DO
Jeff served me fresh vegetables.
 Indirect objects are never in prepositional phrases, nor adverbs.
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Sentence Classifications

Declarative: makes a statement

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Imperative: gives a command

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Pass the turkey. Speak softly.
Interrogative: asks a question.

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A mind is a terrible thing to waste.
Who is the new student?
Exclamatory: expresses feeling

It is so windy today!
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