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Baars and Gage: Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness
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Chapter 6: Vision
1. How does the visual system differ from a camera?
a. A picture from a camera does not encompass the entire visual field
b. *Visual perception is only in full color and high resolution at the center of gaze
c. Visual perception does not fill in missing details
d. The visual system does not work differently than the picture captured by a camera
2. Which of the following is not a benefit of lateral inhibition?
a. The improvement of neural efficiency in representing the visual world
b. *The ability to combine information from uniform regions of a scene
c. The consistent maintenance of brain response under different lighting conditions
d. The enhancement of the representation of edges
3. An individual who has trouble recognizing a picture of the Grand Canyon, despite going there on
several family vacations, might have damage to which cortical area?
a. primary visual cortex
b. lateral occipital complex
c. fusiform face area
d. *parahippocampal place area
4. Which of the following is not true about the retina?
a. *cones can be found in the fovea but not the periphery of the retina
b. rods can be found in the periphery but not the fovea
c. four different types of photopigments can be found in the photoreceptors of the eye
d. no photoreceptors are located where the optic nerve meets the eyeball
5. John is a patient in a neurological clinic who can only identify his mother by her voice, even
though he scores well on a standard visual acuity test. John may be suffering from
.
a. apperceptive agnosia
b. associative agnosia
c. *prosopagnosia
d. optic ataxia
6. What is the function of the fovea?
a. to perceive coarse visual details
b. *to perceive fine visual details
c. to detect visual motion
d. all of the above
7. How do the receptive fields in extrastriate (non-primary) visual cortex compare to the primary
visual area V1?
a. They have smaller receptive fields that are sensitive to more complex features
b. * They have larger receptive fields that are sensitive to more complex features
c. They have smaller receptive fields that are sensitive to simpler features
d. They have larger receptive fields that are sensitive to simpler features
8. Retinal ganglion cells have
receptive fields that respond differently to
features in the center than to the area that encloses it
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a.
b.
c.
d.
6-2
interior-exterior
*center-surround
middle-edge
core-border
9. Information from the
hemisphere.
a. right eye
b. left eye
c. right visual field
d. *left visual field
will go to the primary visual cortex in the right
10. Why is there no gap in our vision where our blind spot is located?
a. *the visual system fills in missing information based on the surround
b. there are still a few photoreceptors at the blind spot
c. the blind spot occurs far in the periphery, to which we normally do not pay attention
d. there is a small visual gap, but it is present from birth, and we have learned to ignore it
11. A
model describes visual processes in terms of each successively more
complex and inclusive representation of a visual scene.
a. layered
b. circular
c. interactive
d. *hierarchical
12. The Gestalt principles of perception include
a. *grouping by similarity, good continuation, and proximity
b. grouping by similarity, good exposure, and shared features
c. grouping by shared features, receptive fields, and visual field
d. grouping by color, location, and size
13. The central part of the retina that we “aim” directly at objects to perceive their fine details is called
a. optic sight
b. pupil
c. *fovea
d. visual array
14. The ________ visual stream in the cortex is thought to represent ‘what’ information, while the
_______ visual stream represents ‘where’ information.
a. dorsal, ventral
b. *ventral, dorsal,
c. medial, lateral
d. striate, extrastriate
15. The fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) differ in that
a. the FFA is tuned to fine-grained details while the PPA is sensitive to coarse-grained aspects
of visual stimuli
b. *the FFA responds more to faces while the PPA responds more to places
c. the FFA is in the inferior temporal lobe while the PPA is in the superior parietal lobe
d. the FFA is in the ventral processing stream while the PPA is in the dorsal stream
16. Patient TL has suffered a stroke and was diagnosed with “apperceptive agnosia.” Her brain
damage is likely
a. in the occipital lobe
b. widespread rather than focal
c. causing her to have trouble perceiving the shape of visual items
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6-3
d. *all of the above
17. When two very different visual stimuli are presented simultaneously to the two eyes, the
perceptual phenomenon is called
a. visual object agnosia
b. *binocular rivalry
c. blindsight
d. associative agnosia
18. Studies of unconscious perception have shown that
a. *stimulus-specific brain responses can occur without consciousness of the visual stimulus
b. upside-down faces are harder to recognizes than upright ones
c. the fusiform face area is a ‘hub’ for unconscious perception
d. awareness of a visual stimulus is necessary for brain activity in visual cortex
19. A key difference between striate and extrastriate visual cortex is
a. *striate cortex includes the primary visual area, while extrastriate cortex includes visual areas
MT, V4 and others
b. striate cortex has cells with large receptive fields while extrastriate cortex has more centersurround fields
c. striate cortex includes area MT (motion) while extrastriate cortex includes the fusiform face
area
d. all of the above
20. Information from the retina goes to visual cortex in these steps:
a. *optic nerve, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate nucleus, V1
b. optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, MT, V1
c. optic chiasm, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic nerve, V1
d. lateral geniculate nucleus, optic chiasm, striate cortex, extrastriate cortex
© Elsevier Ltd 2007