Download Rock Test Chapter 4

Rocks/Minerals Study guide
Name__________________
1.
2.
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7.
The three major rock groups are
The earth is made mostly of this type of rock
Erosion can be caused by what three things
The look and feel of a rocks surface is called its
Large easy to see grains are called _____________grained
The three rock types are classified by
The steps, in order, for the formation of a sedimentary rock are
____________
_________________ ______________ _________________
8. Rocks formed by heat and pressure
9. Process of sedimentary rock that particles get glued together
10. Water carving away at the bank of a river is an example
11. If you were hiking around Mt. St. Helens (volcano) what type of rock would you most
likely find
12. You find a fossil of the Mesosaurus. What rock type must it be formed in?
13. A mineral with the hardness of 10 can scratch...
14. A geode is round, hollow rock with __________in it.
15. The property that shows the ability to peel in a mineral is called
16. Which is harder on Moh’s hardness scale, a penny or an iron nail?
17. While testing a mineral you can scratch it with your fingernail. This means that…
18. Inorganic means
19. Hard, colorful minerals that are attractive and have a glassy luster are called
20. A volcanic neck would most likely be made of which of the following rock types?
Matching
21. ____ Color
a. how a mineral breaks
22. ____ Streak
b. determined by a scratch test
23. ____ Fracture
c. how a mineral reflects light
24. ____ Hardness
d. color of mineral’s powder
25. ____ Density
e. mass divided by volume
26. ____ Luster
f. how a mineral absorbs light
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Answer Key:
A. Igneous
D. Melting
G. Lithification
B. Sedimentary
E. Cooling
H. Weathering & Erosion
C. Metamorphic
F. Heat & Pressure
Completion
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?(3pts)
35. _________
What are the 2 types of igneous rock?(2pts)
36. _________
What are the 2 types of metamorphic rock?(2pts)
37. __________
Word Bank for Completion
A. Intrusive
B. Foliated
D. Extrusive
E. Nonfoliated
F. Chemical
G. Clastic
C. Organic
Open Ended Question: 39. Using the following key of common minerals, find two minerals
from the chart that may be confused with one another (based on appearance). Discuss three
ways to differentiate between the two similar looking minerals. (10 points)
Mineral Identification - Diagnostic Physical Properties
Apatite
Green color, H=5, may show hexagonal crystal form
Augite
Dark or dull green color, 2 cleavages at ~90 degrees, similar properties to Hornblende
Biotite
Black color, one perfect direction of cleavage resulting in the mineral pealing into thin, flexible sheets, similar
properties to Muscovite
Calcite
Clear, H=3, reacts with HCl, 3 directions of cleavage (rhombic cleavage)
Corundum
H=9, often shows hexagonal crystal form
Dolomite
Reacts to HCL in its powdered form, similar properties to calcite
Fluorite
H=4, 4 directions of cleavage, often purple in color (can be white, clear, yellow, green)
Galena
Gray, metallic mineral, 3 directions of cleavage (cubic)
Garnet
Typically reddish brown color, no cleavage, commonly found in twelve-sided crystals (dodecahedrons)
Graphite
Gray, "Pencil lead", soft metallic mineral, gray streak
Gypsum
Whjite, H=2, can be scratched with a fingernail
Halite
Clear, "Salt", H=2.5, cannot be scratched with a fingernail, 3 directions of cleavage (cubic), salty taste
Hematite
Reddish brown streak, "rust"
Hornblende
Black to dk. green color, 2 directions of cleavage at 120 or 60 degrees, similar properties to Augite
Magnetite
Magnetic, metallic mineral
Muscovite
Clear or translucent color, one perfect direction of cleavage resulting in the mineral pealing into thin, flexible
sheets, similar properties to Biotite
Olivine
Apple green or yellowish green color, H=7 (often difficult to determine), conchoidal fracture, no cleavage
Orthoclase
H=6, salmon pink color is typical, perthitic intergrowths are common, 2 directions of cleavage at 90 degrees,
similar properties to plagioclase
Plagioclase
H=6, white or gray color, striations may be seen on cleavage surface, 2 directions of cleavage at 90
degrees, similar properties to orthoclase
Pyrite
"Fool's Gold", gold metallic color
Quartz
H=7, conchoidal fracture, no cleavage, color is typically white or clear but can be pink, red, purple, black
Sulfur
Yellow color, "rotten egg" smell if burned
Talc
H=1, very soft, easily scratched by fingernail