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Geology Exam Study Guide, 3 Feb 2011 Draw and label a complete rock cycle (include all processes and rock types) Draw this from your notes! What is the Moh’s Scale? WELCOME TO MOH’S! The scale used to determine the hardness of a mineral What would create a metamorphic rock? intense heat and pressure What is a natural resource? a valuable or useful material from the earth that is not manmade Explain how an igneous rock can become sedimentary. weathering and erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation (lithification) What is a renewable resource? Give three examples. a resource that will recycle or renew itself over time; water, wind, sunlight, plants How are rocks identified? by how they are formed Give three examples of each type of rock. Sedimentary-breccia, limestone, shale, conglomerate Metamorphic- schist, gneiss,slate Igneous- obsidian, pumice, gabbro, granite What is a non-renewable resource? Give three examples. a resource that once used, cannot be remade naturally; copper, fossil fuels, uranium Name four ways humans contribute to erosion. logging, farming, mining, construction What are two types of weathering? physical and chemical List three ways farmers can conserve soil. crop rotation, terracing, windbreaks, cover crops Breaking down rock to form soil is an example of what? weathering How can a drought contribute to erosion? dry, damaged soil will be eroded much more easily than healthy soil; Dust Bowl is an example Explain and give two specific examples (one chemical, one physical) of weathering. physical- root wedging, burrowing animals, repeated heating and cooling, water freezing in cracks and explanding chemical-rust, lichen on rocks(excrete acid), acidic rainfall(carbonic acid) After a severe drought, the soil can fall victim to two forces, what are they? Wind and water Why do we want to protect our soil? if we don’t have soil, we can’t grow plants, which leads to no food, building materials, etc/ What creates U-shaped valleys? glaciers What is a mineral? A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure What can you tell from a mountain’s shape (peaked or rounded)? its relative age (rounded mountains are older than peaked mountains) What is the law of superposition? when observing sedimentary rock layers, the layer on the bottom is the oldest (providing the layers haven’t been disturbed) How are minerals identified? by specific properties (i.e. luster, hardness, etc.) Explain what you would look for in each of the ID tests when attempting to figure out what mineral you’ve found. Color- color of mineral Streak- color of streak when scratched on a streak plate Hardness- how hard or soft a mineral is (Moh’s scale) Luster-How the mineral shines Transparency- How much light passes through a mineral/ability to see through it Texture-how it feels Cleavage-if the mineral breaks along a plane(flat area) Fracture-if the mineral breaks in an irregular manner