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Gross Anatomy of Urinary system Medical ppt http://hastaneciyiz.blogspot.com Urinary system Functions of Urinary System • Kidneys carry out four functions – Filter nitrogenous wastes, toxins, ions, etc. from blood to be excreted as urine. – Regulate volume and chemical composition of blood (water, salts, acids, bases). – Produce regulatory enzymes. • Renin – regulates BP/ kidney function • Erythropoietin – stimulates RBC production from marrow. – Metabolism of Vitamin D to active form. Urinary System • Two Kidneys – Perform all functions except actual excretion. • Two Ureters – Convey urine from Kidneys to Urinary Bladder • Urinary Bladder – Holds Urine until excretion • Urethra – Conveys urine from bladder to outside of body Renal Connective Tissue • Renal fascia- anchors the kidneys to nearby structures. It is dense connective tissue • Adipose capsule/Pararenal Fat Mass of fat tissue that surrounds renal capsule Functions – Keeps kidney in place – Provide cushion effects • Renal capsule- Layer of dense connective tissue that surrounds kidney and supports the soft internal tissues. Position of the Kidneys • Kidneys are located on either side of the vertebral column: – left kidney lies superior to right kidney – superior surface capped by adrenal gland Location and Position of the Kidneys • The kidney is positioned between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. • It is retroperitoneal (lies on the posterior abdominal wall, posterior to the peritoneum). • Right kidney is lower than left kidney due to the shape of the liver. • Lateral surface of kidney is convex while medial is concave. External Anatomy of Kidney • Average size – 12cm x 6cm x 3 cm • Weights 150 grams or 5 oz • Surrounded by three membranes (deep to superficial) – Renal capsule – fibrous barrier for kidneys. – Adipose capsule – fatty tissue designed for protection / stability. – Renal fascia – dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors kidneys/ adrenals to surroundings. External Anatomy of the Kidney • Lateral surface- convex • Medial surface is concave – Renal Hilum • Indentation where blood vessels, nerves and ureters enter and exit the kidneys. – Renal Sinus • Internal cavity within kidney. Internal Anatomy of the Kidney • Cortex - Superficial region of kidney. – It is light and granular • Medulla - Deep central region of the kidney. – Deep layer – It is darker • Renal pyramids- Cone shaped structure within the renal medulla. • Base lies against cortex • Apex is the papilla • Renal column- Extensions of cortex that separate renal pyramids within the medulla. Kidney Internal Anatomy • Renal Pelvis – Flat funnel-shaped expansion of ureter – Major Calices • Large cup-shaped branches of renal pelvis – Minor Calices • Cup-shaped divisions of major calices • Surround papilla of pyramid Renal Lobe • Consists of: – One renal pyramid – overlying area of renal cortex – adjacent tissues of renal columns Blood Flow – Arteries • • • • • • • Renal arteries Segmental arteries Lobar arteries Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Afferent arterioles Blood Flow – Veins • • • • • From nephron Interlobular veins Arcuate veins Interlobar veins Renal vein Ureters • Continuation of renal pelvis • Slender tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder • Retroperitoneal/Runs behind the peritoneum Urinary Bladder and Urethra • • A collapsible muscular sac Stores and expels urine Urinary Bladder - Full bladder – spherical • Expands into the abdominal cavity - Empty bladder – lies entirely within the pelvis Prostate gland: Found in In males - Lies directly inferior to the bladder - Surrounds the urethra Urinary Bladder • Muscular sac that stores and expels urine • Location – Pelvic floor – Posterior to public symphysis – Anterior to • Rectum in males • Vagina & uterus in females Urinary Bladder and Urethra in Male and Female • Trigone of the urinary bladder has three openings; - Two openings from the ureters -One opening to the urethra Structure of the Urinary Bladder Male: Penis Dual function Female: External urethral orifice Structure of the Urethra Urethra • • In females – Length of 3–4 cm In males – 20 cm in length – three named regions – Prostatic urethra • Passes through the prostate gland – Membranous urethra • Through the urogenital diaphragm – Spongy (penile) urethra • Passes through the length of the penis Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urethral Sphincter • Internal urethral sphincter – Involuntary smooth muscle • External urethral sphincter – Voluntarily inhibits urination – Relaxes when one urinates Medical ppt http://hastaneciyiz.blogspot.com