Download Leading Killers Powerpoint

•
•
•
•
Breast Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Testicular Cancer
BREAST CANCER
Definition: a disease in which normal cells
develop into bad cells and grow out of
control in breast tissue
Except for skin cancer, breast cancer is
the most common cancer in American
women.
RISK FACTORS
• Being female - About 1 in 8 U.S.
women (about 12%) will develop
invasive breast cancer over the
course of her lifetime
• Age - as with many other
diseases, your risk of breast cancer
goes up as you get older
• Family history of breast cancer - If
you've had one first-degree female
relative (sister, mother, daughter)
diagnosed with breast cancer, your risk
is doubled.
• Personal history of breast cancer or
non-cancerous breast diseases.
• Prior treatments with radiation therapy
to the breast/chest area (for example:
Hodgkin’s disease – enlarged lymph
nodes/cancer of immune system)
BREAST CANCER IN MEN
Breast cancer is about 100 times less
common among men than among
women. For men, the lifetime risk of
getting breast cancer is about 1 in
1,000.
SYMPTOMS
• New lump in the breast or underarm
(armpit)
*Most common area that lumps are
found in is between breast and armpit
• Thickening, swelling or pain in any of
part of the breast
• Any change in the size or the shape of
the breast
• Dimpling of breast skin (like an orange
peel)
• Redness or flaky skin on nipple
• Pulling in of the nipple
• Pain, wound or sore that does not go
away
PREVENTATIVE
MEASURES/SCREENINGS
• Self-examination of breast and armpit
area (once a month)
• Clinical examination (doctor)
• Mammogram – x-ray of breast tissue
(beginning in mid to late 40’s or
sooner if strong family history)
TREATMENT
• Surgery - an operation where doctors
remove cancer tissue
• Chemotherapy - to shrink or kill the cancer.
Chemotherapy drugs can be pills you take
or medicines injected in your veins, or
sometimes both
• Hormonal therapy - blocks cancer cells
from getting the hormones they need to
grow
• Radiation therapy - high-energy rays
(similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer
CERVICAL CANCER
Definition: a disease in which normal
cells develop into bad cells and
grow out of control in the cervix
The cervix is the lower, narrow end of
the uterus. The cervix connects the
vagina (birth canal) to the upper
part of the uterus.
RISK FACTORS
Almost all cervical cancers are caused by
human papillomavirus (HPV), a common
virus that can be passed from one person
to another during sex. There are many
types of HPV. Some HPV types can cause
changes to cells on a woman’s cervix that
can lead to cervical cancer over time.
• Having sexual intercourse - especially
unprotected
• Having several sexual partners
SYMPTOMS
HPV usually causes no symptoms so you
can't tell that you have it. For most women,
HPV will go away on its own; however, if it
does not, there is a chance that over time it
may cause cervical cancer.
HPV is so common that most people get it at
some time in their lives.
PREVENTATIVE
MEASURES/SCREENINGS
• 2 HPV vaccines are available to protect
females AND MALES against the types of HPV that
cause most cervical cancers. Both vaccines are
recommended for 11- and 12-year-olds, and for
females 13 through 26 years of age who did not get
any or all of the shots when they were younger.
• The Pap Test (or Pap smear) screens for
precancerous cell changes on the cervix that may
become cervical cancer if not treated properly.
When should I woman start
getting Pap tests?
It is recommended that women should
start at age 18, or sooner if you are
sexually active.
TREATMENT
• Surgery - doctors remove cancer tissue
in an operation
• Chemotherapy - using special medicines
to shrink or kill the cancer (pills or
injections)
• Radiation - using high-energy rays
(similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer
PROSTATE CANCER
Definition: a disease in which normal cells
develop into bad cells and grow out of
control in prostate
The prostate is a part of the male
reproductive system and is located
just below the bladder. It is about the
size of a walnut and surrounds the
urethra (the tube that empties urine
from the bladder).
Except for skin cancer, prostate cancer is
the most common cancer in American men.
RISK FACTORS
• Age - The older a man is, the greater his risk
for getting prostate cancer.
• Family history - A man with a father, brother, or
son who has had prostate cancer is 2-3 times
more likely to develop the disease himself.
• Researchers do not yet agree on the other
factors that can influence a man’s risk of
developing the disease, either positively or
negatively.
***If a man lives to be old enough, he will
develop prostate cancer at some point.***
SYMPTOMS
• Difficulty urinating (starting, interrupted
flow, frequent urination, difficulty
emptying bladder)
• Pain or burning during urination
• Blood in the urine or semen
• Pain in the back, hips, or pelvis that
doesn’t go away
• OR No symtoms at all!
PREVENTATIVE
MEASURES/SCREENINGS
Digital rectal exam (DRE): doctor estimates
the size of the prostate and feel for lumps
or other abnormalities
Blood test – (PSA) Prostate specific antigen
test: measures the level of PSA in the
blood. PSA is a substance made by the
prostate. The levels of PSA in the blood can
be higher in men who have prostate
cancer.
TREATMENT
• Surgery - A prostatectomy (removal of prostate)
• Radiation therapy - Using high-energy rays (similar to Xrays) to kill the cancer.
• Hormone therapy - blocks cancer cells from getting the
hormones they need to grow.
Other therapies used in the treatment of prostate cancer
that are still under investigation include—
• Cryotherapy – the freezing and killing of cells
• Chemotherapy
• High-intensity focused ultrasound. This therapy directs
high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) at the cancer to
kill cancer cells
TESTICULAR CANCER
Definition: a disease in which normal cells
develop into bad cells and grow out of
control in testicular tissue
(The testicles produce male sex
hormones and sperm for reproduction).
Compared with other types of cancer,
testicular cancer is rare; however, it is
the most common cancer in American
males between the ages of 15 and 35.
The chance of a man getting
testicular cancer is about
1 in 263.
The risk of dying from this
cancer is about
1 in 5,000.
RISK FACTORS
• Age - About half of testicular cancers
occur in men between the ages of 20
and 34
• Race - In the US, white men are more
likely to get testicular cancer than other
groups
• Family history of testicular cancer
• HIV infection
• History of testicular cancer
SYMPTOMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lump, swelling or firmness in a testicle
Any enlargement or change in the way it feels
Pain or discomfort
Sudden collection of fluid in testicles or scrotum
History of undescended testicle
A dull ache in the lower abdomen, back, or groin
Infertility
Sometimes there are NO SYMPTOMS at all
PREVENTATIVE
MEASURES/SCREENINGS
•
•
•
•
Regular self-examinations
Blood Tests
Ultrasound
Biopsy
TREATMENT
• Surgery – to remove the cancer
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
TREATMENT
Testicular cancer is highly treatable,
even when cancer has spread beyond
the testicle. Depending on the type
and stage of testicular cancer, you
may receive one of several
treatments, or a combination.
Regular testicular self-examinations
can help identify growths early, when
the chance for successful treatment
of testicular cancer is highest.
Testicular Cancer - Self-Exam News
Story
Lance Armstrong Story
THE BOTTOM LINE IS THIS…
• Do your self exams monthly!
• Listen to your body
• If something doesn’t feel right, don’t
ignore it
• See a doctor as soon as possible
MELANOMA
Tumor produced by melanocites – the cells
that give your skin pigment
(good cells that go bad)
RISK FACTORS
• Family history
• Sun exposure (natural or tanning bed)
• Race – Caucasians are more
susceptible
• Gender – both get it, but chances for
men is 1/39 and women is 1/58
SYMPTOMS
• Abnormal moles/freckles
•
•
•
•
•
A – asymmetrical
B – border (irregular)
C – color
D – diameter
E - evolving – CHANGING OVER TIME!
PREVENTION/SCREENINGS
• Self-exam or self-check – BE AWARE!
• Yearly check-up (PCP or dermotologist)
• Wear sunscreen – broad spectrum SPF 30
TREATMENT
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy