Download Final Exam Review Part 1

Biology 212 Exam Review #1
1.
In an isotonic solution, there is:
a. less water outside than inside
equal water concentrations inside and out
more water outside than inside
2.
In plant cells, the cell membrane can shrink while the cell wall remains in place, this is called:
a. plasmolysis
isotonic solution
hypotonic solution
3.
A solute can be pumped from a lower concentration gradient to a higher one in:
a. active transport
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
4.
Cotransport is an example of:
a. active transport
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
5.
Which answer is not a function of proteins?
a. send messages through the blood
engulf other cells
carry molecules from place to place
change the rate of a chemical reaction
6.
Which type of nucleic acid is the energy currency of life?
a. adenosine diphosphate
deoxyribonucleic acid
adenosine triphosphate
ribonucleic acid
7.
Which of the following is defined as having the same pH with small additions of acids or bases?
a. acids
polymers
bases
buffers
8.
Which unit molecule belongs to proteins?
a. cellulose
nucleotides
sugars
amino acid
1.
Which structure is described by the order of the amino acids?
a. primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
2.
Which 3 out of the 4 macromolecules can be polymers?
a. carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
3.
The ________ of water gives rise to _______ bonds which allow for it to have many unique characteristics.
a. non-polarity, ionic
polarity, ionic
polarity, hydrogen
non-polarity, hydrogen
4.
Which one of the following does not make up most of biological molecules?
a. carbon
phosphorous
nitrogen
helium
5.
Calcium, magnesium, chloride, and potassium exist mostly as/in
a. dissolved salts
elemental form
gases
solids
6.
What is a disaccharide?
a. many sugar monomers bonded together
2 sugar monomers bonded together
the exoskeleton of arthropods
the protein responsible for making sugars
7.
Starch and cellulose are types of
a. polysaccharides
proteins
lipids
8.
Triglycerides consist of:
a. 2 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
3 fatty acids and 2 glycerols
3 fatty acids and 3 glycerols
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
9.
What is used to store long term energy?
a. phospholipids
sterols
triglycerides
cholesterols
10. Protein sorting to organelles:
a. always uses the ER
can be cotranscriptional or post transcriptional
is not really important to remember
determines the length of the polypeptide chain
11. an acid has a pH level
a. less than 7
less than 5
greater than 7
greater than 5
12. Plasma is your blood contains
a. water
dissolved ions
leukocytes
erythrocytes
all of the above
a and b
13. Hydrolysis
a. breaks molecules apart
adds nitrogen to the molecule
has no effect on molecules
puts molecules back together
14. Polymers are ________ linked in a long chain.
a. amino acids
monomers
phospholipids
15. The cytoplasm is located
a. between cells
only in mitochondria
inside the plasma membrane, not including the nucleus
16. Smooth E and rough ER are different because
a. smooth ER has ribosomes attached and rough ER does not
smooth ER has no ribosomes attached and rough ER does
smoother ER has mitochondria attached and rough ER does not
smooth ER has no mitochondria attached and rough ER does
17. Active transport uses ________ to move molecules.
a. diffusion
energy
osmosis
18. An oxidation reaction involves losing a/an
a. proton
ion
electron
atom
19. Bacterial cells have
a. chloroplasts
mitochondria
no nucleus
all of the above
20. Enzymes
a. lower the activation energy
raise the activation energy
lower the delta G
raise the delta G
21.
Bioenergetics is:
a. the study of the management of energy in an organism
how fast a cell can move
what an organism eats
the study of the luminosity in an organism
22. During chemiosmosis, oxygen is the
a. ATP acceptor
water acceptor
final electron acceptor
carbon dioxide acceptor
23.
What are vesicles
a. protein packaging for transport
cell vacuoles
the site of protein translation
the functional unit of the golgi
24.
The intracellular substance that turns on/off enzymes in a cell is called:
a. signal-transduction (hormones)
peptidoglycan
phagocytosis
receptor particles
25.
The theory that membrane bound organelles were incorporated into cells forming symbiotic relationships is
known as:
a. endosymbiosis
exosymbiosis
cellular interjection
symbiotic fusing
26. In cellular respiration, glucose is converted to which of the following during glycolysis?
a. hydrogen
ATP
pyruvates
proteins
27. The entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane is called the
a. nucleoid
intracellular matrix
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
28. In a prokaryotic cell:
a. there is no nuclear membrane
there is no genetic material
there is no cytoplasm
both a and c
1. The DNA that codes for proteins that regulate the activity of structural genes is contained in a(n):
a. operon
b. regulatory gene
c. inducer
d. intron
3. Introns
a. are non coding sequences of DNA
c. must be removed before protein synthesis
5.
d.
b. can be repetitive sequences
all of the above
If you wanted to separate DNA pieces by size you would
a.
c.
use electrophoresis
need a vector
b.
d.
need a plasmid
run a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
6. Restriction enzymes
a. cut DNA at the same specific sequence every time
c. are used for cloning
8. Plants are green because chlorophyll
a. absorb green light
c. reflect green light
b.
d.
b.
d.
can have sticky ends or blunt ends
all of the above
absorb red, orange, and blue light
b and c
9. Chloroplast components include
a. double membrane, matrix, thylakoid
c. double membrane, stroma, grana
b.
single membrane, thylaokoid, grana
d. none of the above
10. Light reactions occur in the ______ and dark reactions occur in the ______.
a. thylakoid membrane, stroma
b. matrix, thylakoid membrane
c. stroma, intermembranse space
d. thylakoid membrane, grana
15. Rubisco
a. is responsible for carbon fixation in most plants b.
c.
is the first enzyme used on the light reactions
d.
transfers its CO to PEPCO in C plants
2
4
all of the above
16. In the Calvin Cycle ______ are recycled and ________ are used each time
a. 6 G3P, 3 CO
b. 3 RuBP, 3 G3P
c. 3 Rubisco, 3FADH d.
2
2
22. Photorespiration
a. helps plants by capturing O
b.
helps plants by capturing CO
c.
d.
hurts plants by capturing O
b.
d.
can be used for food storage
all of the above
2
hurts plants by capturing CO
2
28. Root systems serve to
a. provide anchorage
c. absorb water and minerals
37. Tracheids and vessel elements are both cells found in
a. xylem tissue b. phloem tissue
c. ground tissue d.
3 RuBP, 3 CO
2
2
2
protoplast tissue
39. Sieve-tube member cells have no_______ and therefore need companion cells
a. mitochondria b. chloroplasts c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. nucleus
45. Meristematic tissue
a. is at the tips of shoots and roots
c. is involved in growth
b. . has cells that are undifferentiated
d. all of the above
55. The cells in the leaf that contain chlorophyll are
a. mesophyll cells
b. epidermal cells
c.
guard cells
d.
all of the above
56. Phloem tissue transports
a. sugar up
b. sugar down
c. sugar up and down
57. Water tension in plant cells gives them a
a. flaccid appearance
b. turgid appearance
above
d.
c.
water and mineral up and down
evolutionary advantage
d.
58. ___________ flow allows water and minerals flow directly into the xylem vessels
a. symplastic and apoplastic
b. a symplastic c. apoplastic
d. casparian
59. Transpiration is caused by
a. pumping of water and minerals into roots
c. mycorrhizae taking water from the plant
60. Phloem transport is driven by
a. root pressure b. osmotic pressure flow c.
b.
water evaporating out of stomata
d. guttation
all of the above
d. none of the above
1. Organs are characterized by
a. specialized cells
b. at least 2 types of cells and functions
c. being the basic unit of living organisms d. cells with a common functions
2. Tissues that serves to form glands and gametes as well as covering and lining structures is
a. muscular tissue
b. nervous tissue
c. connective tissue
d. epithelial tissue
3. The structural organization of animals include
a. tissues
b. organs
c. systems
d. all of the above
4. Heterotrophs
a. include all animals
b. make their own food
c. must ingest other organisms for food d. a and c
8. Food is used for
a. fuel
b. essential nutrients
10. Essential nutrients are
a. nutrients the animal needs to survive
c. nutrients from carbohydrates
c.
b.
d.
carbon skeletons for molecules d.
all of the above
nutrients the animal can’t make
nutrients that provide large amounts of ATP
12. All of these are essential vitamins except
a. A b. P
c. K
d. B
14. Extracellular digestion is
a. carried out in the animals tissues
c. involves phagocytosis
d.
b. carried out outside of the animals tissues
is carried out by sponges
16. Arteries
a. carry blood back to the heart b. carry blood away from the heart
c. allow gas, nutrient, or waste exchange d. have valves
none of the
18. Coronary circulation pumps blood to
a. the heart
b. the brain
c. the lungs
19. Which contracts first
a. the left side of the heart
23. Erythrocytes
a. carry oxygen b.
b.
fight pathogens
d.
all of the above
the right side of the heart
c.
24. Blood clotting involves
a. just platelets b. many clotting factors c.
27. At the alveoli
a. carbon dioxide enters the blood stream b.
c. carbon dioxide leaves the blood stream d.
e. a and d
f. c and b
are mostly water
c.
d.
exposure of collagen d.
the ventricles d.
the atria
aid in clotting
a and c
e.
b and c
oxygen enters the blood stream
oxygen leaves the blood stream
28. Oxygen is captured from the air by __________
a. hemolymph
b. chemoreceptors
c.
hemoglobin
d.
mitochondria
29. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system
a. transport of fats from the GI tract to the blood b. drain tissue spaces of interstitial fluid
c. defense
d. all of the above are functions of the lymphatic system
30. Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ
a. thymus
b. erythrocytes c. bone marrow d.
spleen
Matching
41. Conduction a. direct transfer of heat
42. Convection b. transfer of heat from air or water moving past
43. Radiation
c. loss of heat as water evaporates
44. Evaporation
d. emission of electromagnetic waves
46. Osmoregulation serves to
a. control body water and solute concentrations
c. all of the above
b. conserve water when eliminating wastes
d. none of the above
47. Which nitrogenous waste product is most concentrated?
a. uric acid
b. urea
c. urea acid
d. urica
2. Vertebrate signaling includes
a. secretion of hormones b. absorption of a hormone by capillaries
c. a change occurring on a target cell
d. all of the above
8. All of the following are hormones that regulate reproduction except a.
hormone
c. Luteinizing hormone d. Testosterone
18. The peripheral nervous system is
a. sensory and motor neurons
b.
the brain and spinal cord
Growth hormone
b.
Follicle Stimulating
c.
contains oligodendrocytes
d.
is composed of astrocytes
19. The autonomic nervous system affects
a. skeletal muscles
b. controls smooth muscles
c. includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
d.
a and c
e.
b and c
20. Schwann cells
a. send and receive stimuli in the PNS
b. from the myelin sheath in the PNS
c. form the blood-brain barrier d. send and receive stimuli throughout the whole nervous system
21. The axon
a. receives stimuli
b.
send impulses
22. Myelination serves to
a. speed up signal transduction
c. protect the neurons
b.
c.
regulates cell processes
d.
all of the above
stimulate the autonomic nervous system
d. regulate the membrane potential
23. Interneurons
a. connect sensory neurons to motor neurons
b. make up most of the neurons in the human body
c. are mostly in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord
d. all of the above
24.
At rest the neuron membrane potential is characterized by having
+
+
a. more K outside the cell
b. more Na outside the cell
++
c. more Ca inside the cell
d. more protein outside the cell
25. The opening of Na+ channels causes depolarization, if the threshold is met the next step is
a. more Na+ channels open
b. K+ channels open
c. K+ channels close
d. neurotransmitters are released
26. Order the processes of synaptic transmission\
a. diffusion of neurotransmitter across synaptic cleft
c. neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic cell
d.
b. neurotransmitter secreted by presynaptic cell
depolarization or hyperpolarization occurs in postsynaptic cell
30. Learning is caused by
a. a neuron refractory period
c. permanent changes in the axons
b. permanent changes on the postsynaptic neuron
d. the creation of more action potentials
32. The cerebellum is important for
a. reflexes
b. sensory input
c.
consciousness and awakening
d.
motor control and coordination
33. During sensory reception exteroreceptors
a. amplify signal strength
b. sense external stimuli
c. sense internal stimuli d. integrate sensory stimuli
34. Mechanoreceptors respond to
a. physical stimulus (touch, stretch etc.)
c. loss or gain of heat
b.
chemicals released by damaged cells
d. electromagnetic stimuli
37. During signal transduction when light hits the protein rhodopsin on the rods and cones
a. the cell becomes hyperpolarized
b. the cell becomes depolarized c. Na+ channels close
d. Na+ channels open
e. a and c
f. b and d