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Battles of the Pacific Landon and Eric Pacific War What/Who? • The war took place in the Pacific and East Asia, in 1937-1945 • War began due to conflict between Empire of Japan and Republic of China • It was the largest naval conflict in history • The war involved mostly East Asia, North America • • • • Carrier Aviation Battles Surface Engagement Bitterly Fought Night Fights Largest amphibious landings of the Entire War • Stealthy but brutal battles waged by and against Submarines • Pearl harbor-December 7,1941 • Sinking of the prince of Wales and repulseDecember 10,1941 • Raids into the Indian ocean-march 31,april191942 • Battle of the coral seamay 7&8 ,1942 • Battle of midway-June 4,1942 • Battle of the Komandorski islands-march 26,1943 • Destruction of the TrukFebruary 17&18,1944 • Battle of the Philippine sea-June 19-20,1944 • Sinking of Yamato –April 7,1945 • Final destruction-July 24&28,1945 Pearl Harbor Beginning event/How? • it was an unannounced military attack carried out by the Japanese navy against the U.S naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on the morning of December 7, 1941. • The attack was intended as an attempt to stop the U.S. Pacific Fleet from influencing the war that the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia, against Britain and the Netherlands, as well as the U.S. in the Philippines. Pearl Harbor 1941 Pacific War Three main events Battle at midway 1942 Final Destruction 1945 • Patton was a Lieutenant Colonel • In WWll Patton commanded the 2nd Armored Division, which performed with mixed results in 1941 in both the Louisiana Maneuvers and Carolina Maneuvers. • He was a general also he was an Lieutenant Colonel in WWll. • He served for 36 years. • Born November 11,1885. Place of Birth: San Gabriel, California. • Died: December 21, 1945 (aged 60). • Place of Death: Heidelberg, Germany • Place of Burial: American Cemetery and Memorial Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. • In WWll Patton commanded the 2nd Armored Division, which performed with mixed results in 1941 in both the Louisiana Maneuvers and Carolina Maneuvers. George S. Patton First Lieutenant, Regular Army: May 23, 1916 Captain, Regular Army: May 15, 1917 Major, National Army: January 26, 1918 Lieutenant Colonel, National Army: March 30, 1918 Colonel, National Army: October 17, 1918 Reverted to permanent rank of Captain, Regular Army: June 30, 1920 Major, Regular Army: July 1, 1920 Lieutenant Colonel, Regular Army: March 1, 1934 Colonel, Regular Army: July 1, 1938 Brigadier General, Army of the United States: October 2, 1940 Major General, Army of the United States: April 4, 1941 Lieutenant General, Army of the United Sates: March 12, 1943 Brigadier General, Regular Army: August 16, 1944 Major General, Regular Army: August 16, 1944 General, Army of the United States: April 14, 1945 • Born: October 14,1890 • Denison, Texas • Died: March 28, 1969 • Washington D.C. • • • • Branch of service: US Army Years of Service: 1915-1953 1961-1969 Rank: General of the Army Battles/Wars World War II • He was in WWI and WWII • West Point graduate 1915 • After Pearl Harbor, Eisenhower was assigned to the general staff in Washington D.C. • He was working to make plans to defeat Germany and Japan • In 1942 he was assigned to the commanding general of the the European Theater of Operations • In December 1943 he was assigned to the supreme allied Force of the North Africa Theater of Operations • He was in charge of the liberation of western Europe and the invasion of Germany and the D-Day invasion • He got the rank of General of the Army in 1944 • He graduated from Abilene (Texas) High School in 1909 • He applied to the Naval Academy got passed the admissions but got rejected because of his age • He then got excepted to the United States Military Academy in 1911 Death • Eisenhower died of congestive heart failure on March 28,1969 in Walter Reed Army Hospital. Presidential Election • • • • President from 1953-1961 He continued the New Deal He won his second term 457-531 He started the interstate highways Athletics • He always dreamed of being a Professional baseball player • He tried out for the West Point baseball team and tried for football but did not make it. • He played in the Minor league system but did not make it. Later in his life he was big on golfing Awards and Decorations Army Distinguished Medal Navy Distinguished Medal Legion of Merit Mexican Border Service Medal WWI Victory Medal American Defensive Service Medal American Campaign Medal European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal WWII Victory Medal Army of Occupation Medal National Defensive Service Medal (twice) • Dwight D. Eisenhower was on the dollar coin from 1971-1978 but then they was discontinued. Played Baseball and Football President of the United States Was in WWI and WWII In the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower General of the Army Married Twice West Point graduate Died in 1969 Hade 4 children Graduated from Dension High School NATO/ Warsaw Pact By: Fallyn Crockett Main Facts • The Warsaw Pact is the informal name for the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance. • NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. • The NATO was a intergovernmental military alliance. Why Was NATO and The Warsaw Pact Created? • NATO was created because if the Soviet Union attacked a country that had signed it they would all go to war. • The Warsaw Pact was formed to counteract NATO. When Did This Happen? • The Warsaw Pact was between the years of 1955 to 1991. • NATO formed on April 4, 1949. The Warsaw Pact conference, May 11, 1955, Warsaw, Poland. History of the Warsaw Pact Historical era - Cold War Established- May 17, 1955 Hungarian crisis- November 4, 1956 Czechoslovakian crisis- August 21, 1968 German reunification- October 3, 1990 Disestablished- July 1, 1991 Who was involved in the Warsaw Pact? • The countries involved in the Warsaw Pact included: Soviet Union Poland East Germany Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Albania Who Was Involved in the Warsaw Pact? • The Pact consisted of the following communist nations: -People's Republic of Albania -People's Republic of Bulgaria -Czechoslovak Republic -German Democratic Republic -People's Republic of Hungary -People's Republic of Poland -People's Republic of Romania -Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Who Was Involved in NATO? • There were 28 countries involved that are listed below: -Italy -Albania -Latvia -Belgium -Lithuania -Bulgaria -Luxembourg -Canada -Netherlands -Croatia -Norway -Czech Republic -Poland -Denmark -Portugal -Estonia -Romania -France -Slovakia -Germany -Slovenia -Greece -Spain -Hungary -Turkey -Iceland -United Kingdom -United States NATO countries are shown in green. Where was the NATO signed? • The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washington D.C. on April 4, 1949. • It was signed by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. What Happened in the Cold War with NATO? • The outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 was crucial for NATO as it raised the obvious threat level greatly and forced the alliance to develop concrete military plans. • All Communist countries were suspected of working together. • In 1954, the Soviet Union suggested that it should join NATO to preserve peace in Europe. The NATO countries, ultimately rejected this proposal. What Happened In The Cold War With NATO? • A main reason for Germany's access into the alliance was that without German manpower, it would have been impossible to field enough conventional forces to resist a Soviet invasion. • One of its immediate results was the creation of the Warsaw Pact as an official response to this event, in so doing delineating the two opposing sides of the Cold War. Thinking Map Formed on April 4th, 1949 28 Countries Involved Signed in Washington D.C. NATO Stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Created if the Soviet Union attacked a country that had signed it, they would all go to war. WHO • He was the 33 rd President of the United States (1945– 1953). As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vicePresident and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the Presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his fourth term. WHAT • he became President of the United States of America • He served as an Artillery Officer in WWI • He allowed the bombing in Japan • He was the only President to have seen combat in WWI PICTURES WHEN & WHERE • Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri • Truman enlisted in the Missouri Army National Guard in 1905, and served until 1911 • Truman had been vice president for only 82 days when President Roosevelt died then Truman took his place? WHEN CONTINUED • On December 5, 1972, he was admitted to Kansas City's Research Hospital and Medical Center with lung congestion from pneumonia. He subsequently developed multiple organ failure and died at 7:50 a.m. on December 26 at the age of 88 WHY • Harry Truman was president of America after the death of Franklin D Roosevelt in April 1945. Harry Truman gave the order for the atomic bombs to be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and he represented the United States at Potsdam, the last of the great war meetings •He allowed the bombing in Japan •He served as an artillery officer in WWI He was president of the USA Harry Truman! He was born in Missouri Died in Kansas He was the only president to have seen combat in WWI Martin Titus Josh Kahn • After 1945 the United Kingdom became involved in an increasingly violent clash with the Jews. In 1947, the British government withdrew from commitment to the Mandate of Palestine, unable to arrive at a compromise for both Arabs and Jews. • The United Nations approved the UN Partition Plan on November 29, 1947, dividing the country into two states, one Arab and one Jewish. Jerusalem was to be designated an international city given by the UN to avoid fighting over its status. • The Jews accepted the plan, but the Arabs rejected it. On December 1, 1947 the Arabs put a three day strike into action, and Arab bands began attacking Jews. War began with the Jews on the defensive but eventually moving into offense. The Palestinian-Arab economy collapsed and 250,000 Palestinian-Arabs ran away or were ejected. • On May 14, 1948, the Jews proclaimed independence, naming the country Israel. The following day the armies of five Arab countries attacked Israel, launching the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. After a year of fighting, a ceasefire was declared. • Israel was admitted as a member of the United Nations on May 11, 1949. These years were marked by mass immigration of Holocaust survivors. The population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Israel’s Outline To end a clash with Jews the U.N. approved the Partition Plan, dividing the country into 2 parts 1 Arab and 1 Jewish Jews accepted the plan but the Arabs rejected it. The Arabs then went on a strike and began attacking Jews On May 14, 1948, the Jews claimed independence and declared the name of Israel. 5 Arab countries attacked Israel After a year of fighting, a ceasefire was declared. Israel was admitted to the U.N. May 11, 1949. •Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884 in New York City •She is the daughter of Elliot Roosevelt and Anna Hall Roosevelt •From the beginning she preferred to be called by her middle name Eleanor •She had two brothers, Elliot Roosevelt Jr. and Hall Roosevelt •She also had a half brother named Elliot Roosevelt Mann, who was born to Katy Mann, a servant employed by the family • She finished school in London, England at Allenswood Academy • Her Father’s fifth cousin was Franklin D. Roosevelt • She later got engaged to Franklin D. Roosevelt In November 1904 but the engagement was not announced until December 1, 1904 at the insistence of Franklin’s mother Sara • Eleanor (age 20) and Franklin (age 23) were married on March 17, 1905 •The Roosevelts had six children, five whom survived infancy. •Anna Eleanor Jr. (1906-1975)- journalist, public relations official •James (1907–1991) - businessman, congressman, author •Franklin Delano Jr. (b./d. 1909) •Elliot (1910-1990)- business man, mayor, author •Franklin Delano Jr. (1914-1988)- business man, congressman, farmer •John Aspinwall (1916–1981) - merchant, stockbroker •Following the Presidential Inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 4, 1933 Eleanor became the First Lady of the United States •Eleanor also became an important connection for Franklin’s administration to the African-American population during the segregation era. •During Franklin’s terms as President, despite Franklin’s needs to placate southern sentiment, Eleanor was vocal in her support of the African-American civil rights movement. • Eleanor Roosevelt said that WWII filled her with a sense of responsibility that she could never fulfill. • Her wartime can be divided into 3 categories: refugee issues, home front issues, and soldiers concerns. • Before the United States entered the war, Eleanor worked to make it easier for refugees from Hitler’s Germany to enter the country, but there was stiff resistance to changing America’s strict immigration laws. •She served as both an official and unofficial advisor to groups trying to aid refugees from the Spanish Civil War. •After Kristallnacht she worked with the Emergency Rescue Committee, The U.S. Committee for the Care of European Children, and The Children’s Crusade for Children. •She also offered key support to Varian Fry’s rescue operations. • Eleanor Roosevelt believed that promoting democracy at home and keeping up peoples spirits was a vital part of the war effort. •She thought the major lesson of World War I was that we won the war but “lost the peace.” She told Americans that we had forgotten what we were for and focused instead on what we were against. •Throughout WWII, even before the attack on Pearl Harbor, she remained determined to do all that she could to promote democracy and shore up morale so that we would not make the same mistake. • Eleanor thought that she could never thank soldiers enough for the sacrifices they made. •She carried a prayer in her wallet encouraging her “to remember that somewhere someone died for me today” and “to ask if I am worth dying for” •She corresponded with several soldiers and became “pen pals” with them. •They responded honestly and she helped get their issues addressed. Eleanor Roosevelt was important to WWII because she helped Americans realize that we had forgotten what we were for and we were focusing more on what we were against. Throughout WWII she was determined to promote democracy and shore up morale so that we would not make the same mistake. Was the First Lady of the United States Born October 11, 1884 Died on November 7, 1962 at 6:15 pm at the age of 78 Franklin D. Roosevelt had an affair with Eleanor’s social secretary Eleanor Roosevelt Married her 5th cousin once removed, Franklin D. Roosevelt Had 6 children, but only 5 survived infancy Ira Hayes Alyssa Callais What involved him Ira Hayes •Raising the Flag of Iwo Jima •The president wanted the flag raisers to come to the United States for the 7th Bond Tour to promote the war •United States Marines What he did Ira Hayes • A veteran of the WWII Battle of Iwo Jima • He is one of the people ‘immortalized’ in the photograph of the flag raising in Iwo Jima • He was a Paramarine, in the United States Marine Corps • Medals include: American Campaign Medal, AsiaticPacific Campaign Medal, Navy Commendation Medal, Presidential Unit Citation, And A World War II Victory Medal • He served three years • His service branch was the United States Marine Corps continued Ira Hayes • Heavy drinker • Nicknamed Chief Falling Cloud • Member of the Gila River Indian Community • Death alcohol related • Unit: third parachute battalion, second battalion, twenty eighth marines first headquarters battalion, HQMC Where it happened Ira Hayes • Born in Arizona • Died in Arizona • Raised the flag in Iwo Jima • Lived in the United States of America • Fought in Japan • Buried in Arlington National Cemetery When Ira Hayes book school Iwo Jima flag February 23, 1945 Joined the Marine Corps August 24, 1942 President Truman April 20, 1945 Ira Hayes Born: January 12, 1923 Tv 7th War Bond Tour May 1945 Died January 24, 1955 BY. Anthony Bryant • The Nuremberg trials were a series of military tribunals. • These trials was about the major war criminals before the international military tribunal. • Tired 22 of the most important captured leaders of Nazi Germany. JUST SO WRONG • • • • • NAZI’S BRITISH PRIME MINISTER Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin President Franklin D. Roosevelt United States , Soviet Union and the United kingdom • Criminals • The Nuremberg trials was held in the city of Nuremberg , Germany from 1945 to 1946 at the palace of justice. • The first and best trial was held from November 21, 1994 to October 1, 1946 the trial name was the Major War Criminals Justice is served • These crimes were against peace and crimes against humanity which is often committed during war. • If it wasn’t for justice who knows what may have happen in WW2 V-E Day and V-J Day Sam Maisel V-E Day • Stands for Victory in Europe Day • Was on May 9th, 1945 • It was the end of the Holocaust V-J Day • Stands for Victory over Japan Day • Was September 2nd, 1945 • It was the day that Japan surrendered to the U.S.