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Prostate Cancer What is the Prostate Gland What is the prostate Gland • • • • Size of a chestnut Just beneath the bladder Urethra runs through its middle Its main job is to produce fluid that enriches sperm. • Can grow bigger with age, or become cancerous. What is Cancer • The human body is made up of millions of cells. • These cells grow in size and number • Sometimes because of certain environmental factors such as sunlight, smoking, toxic chemicals, Alcohol, or just bad luck the cells start to multiply out of control • A tumour or mass develops, which causes damage to the organ and surrounding tissue. • Cancers can spread! What is Prostate Cancer • A cancer that develops from prostate gland cells. • Most common Cancer in Men in the UK. • 35000 men in the UK are diagnosed every year • 1/12 men in the UK will develop Prostate cancer! • Most commonly in men over the age of 65. What are the risk Factors • • • • • Ageing. Family history and genetics. Ethnic Group. Diet. Cadmium. What are the Symptoms • • • • • • • • • No symptoms. Poor stream. Hesitancy. Dribbling Frequency Urgency Poor emptying Bloody urine Bone pain What Should I Do if I have these symptoms • • • • • Do not ignore the symptoms! See your GP! May be another less sinister illness. Many older men have these symptoms. Possibility of benign enlargement. What will the GP Do? • • • • Take a thorough history of your symptoms. Examine the prostate gland. Order a PSA blood test if appropriate. If sufficiently concerned will refer you to the Urologists for a possible biopsy. • Note: A positive PSA does not necessarily mean you have cancer, and a negative test does not rule it out. It is just an aid in the diagnostic journey. Is there any treatment • This depends on the severity and spread of the cancer, as well as the general health of the individual. • Treatment options include; Watchful waiting Surgery Radiotherapy Hormonal therapy Chemotherapy Palliative Care Prognosis: What is the outlook • Very variable • Some slow growing • Some spread to other parts of the body and affect life expectancy • Response to treatment is also variable. • If diagnosed, your specialist would be able to give you a more accurate prognosis depending on your particular situation.