Download Circulatory System

We always Start with a Song:
The circulatory
system helps
transport fluids
throughout
the body which helps
it obtain oxygen,
nutrients
and to remove wastes
 Supplies
cells with oxygen and nutrients
 Carries hormones
 Maintains body temperature
 Protects the body from infection
 Helps in removing waste products
 Has ability to clot
Main Parts:
Arteries /Veins /Capillaries
Heart
Blood
Lymph Vessels
Arteries
 Carry
blood AWAY
from the heart
 Walls
of arteries are
THICK, MUSCULAR &
ELASTIC
 AORTA
is the largest
artery of the body.
Veins
 Carry
blood TOWARD HEART from body
tissues and organs
 Walls
are THIN & only SLIGHTLY
ELASTIC.
 Contain
 The
One-Way VALVES
Vena Cava is the largest vein of the
body.
Valves
Found
in VEINS
Keep
blood flowing
toward the heart
Also
found in the heart
to keep blood flowing
through the chambers
Valves

Capillaries
Connect
arteries to
veins
One cell layer thick - so
narrow that RBC pass
through
Gas exchange occurs
by DIFFUSION
Made up of :
 Lymph Vessels
 Lymph
Nodes
 Thymus
 as
blood circulates, some fluid leaks into
the surrounding tissues
 lymph
vessels collect the fluid and
returns it to the circulatory system into
large veins by neck
 found
along lymph vessels
 trap bacteria and other disease-causing
organisms
 become enlarged when there is an
infection
Every minute your heart
beats 70 – 80 times
Every minute your heart
pumps 5 liters of blood
INTO TO BLOOD FLOW
Happy Days – PUMP YOUR
BLOOD
The heart is made up of four
chambers.
The heart is made up of four
chambers.
The two upper chambers are
the Atriums, - receive blood.
The heart is made up of
four chambers.
The two lower chambers
are the Ventricles, which
pump blood out.
Oxygen poor blood goes
into the right side of the
heart from the vena cava
It first flows into the Right
Atrium then into Right
Ventricle.
The Right Ventricle pumps
the Oxygen- Poor blood
to the lungs through the
Pulmonary Artery
The Oxygen-Rich
blood returns to the heart
through the Pulmonary
Vein and enters the Left
Atrium.
From the Left Atrium it
travels into to Left Ventricle
The Left Ventricle pumps
the oxygen-rich blood to
all parts of the body
through the Aorta.
The Ventricles are
thicker in muscle in
order to PUMP the blood
through the whole body
Tricuspid: Between the
Right Atrium and Right
Ventricle
Mitral Valve: Between the
Left Atrium and Left
Ventricle
The Heart Valves prevent
the backflow of blood into
the Atriums.
 Heartbeat
– cardiac muscle cells are
capable of contracting independently
but they respond to the specific electrical
impulses
 The
Sinoatrial node (S-A node) is a
group of cells located in the wall of the
right atrium
 This
node is known as the pacemaker of
the heart
 The
S-A node causes the atria to contract
 The
AV node – atrioventricular node – near the
right atria and right ventricle that coordinates
the contraction of the ventricles
 When
the SA node contracts it sends the
impulse to the AV node
 The impulse then travels to a bundle of
fibers called the Purkinje fibers which
helps contract the heart.
 Nodes
in Heart
Label The Heart
 Composed
of 2 Phases:
• Systole - pressure in
heart when it is
contracted
• Diastole – pressure in
heart when it is
relaxed
• “Lubb
Dub” – sound
heard when valves in
heart close.
 Pressure
of blood against walls
of arteries
 Guide
to Blood Pressure:
• Normal BP = 120/80 or less

Referred to as HYPERTENSION BP> 140/90
 Can
strain heart and result in heart attack
or Stroke
 Causes:
• Stress
• Smoking***
• Hereditary (genetic)
• High sodium (salt) diet
• Obesity
A
LEAKAGE of
blood in heart
caused by damaged
valve.
 Narrowing
of
arteries due to
growing plaques of
cholesterol
 Blood can not pass
through
 Could lead to heart
attack
 Blood
supply cut off to
heart – cells die, and
the heart stops
working.
 Symptoms:
• Severe pain and pressure
in chest
• Sweating
• Shortness of breath
• Pain in left arm
 Angioplasty
– microscopic balloon fed into
blocked artery with a catheter - presses
plaque against arterial walls to resume blood
flow
 Failure
of
blood supply
to brain.
 Nerve cells die
and could
cause
paralysis, loss
of speech, loss
of memory
 Carries
materials throughout the
body:
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Nutrients
• Cell wastes
• Enzymes
• Hormones

maintains body temperature

maintains constant pH

protection against microorganisms
 liquid
part of blood
 clear or straw-colored
 90% water
 makes up ~ 50% of blood volume

Nutrients

Wastes

Enzymes, hormones, proteins, antibodies
 aka: erythrocytes
 life
span = 120 days
 most numerous of the blood cells
 biconcave disc
 No
nuclei or mitochondria:
 Function
is to carry oxygen on
hemoglobin (Hb)
 Hb is a protein containing iron that binds
to oxygen
 CO
binds more strongly to Hb than O2
 body
cells die from lack of oxygen
 aka: leukocytes
 function
is to identify and destroy
foreign particles in the body
1.
phagocytes: engulf & destroy bacteria
by phagocytosis
2.
lymphocytes: some produce
antibodies to destroy foreign
substances (antigens)
 cell
fragments involved in blood
clotting
 contain
no nuclei – formed from bits
of cytoplasm from large cells in bone
marrow


damaged cells release an enzyme that
makes platelets sticky
a series of enzyme reactions occurs to
make a protein called thrombin


thrombin helps make strands of fibrin
fibrin is a protein that forms a mesh
around broken blood vessel and traps
RBCs and platelets to form a clot
As water evaporates from clot,
a dryer scab forms.
 Disorder
characterized by too few RBC
or not enough Irons and hemoglobin.
 Symptoms: Pale, feeling
easily
 Treatment: eating
faint, tiring
iron-rich food (spinach,
broccoli, red meat), and taking vitamin B12 injections

 Cancer
of the blood or bone marrow uncontrollable abnormal cell division
usually of the WBC.
 Unable
 Can
to fight off infections
be controlled or even cured with
drugs.
 Genetic
bleeding disorders in which it
takes a long time for the blood to clot.
 Hemorrhage
 Usually
– Unable to Stop Bleeding
treated by replacing the
missing clotting factors.
1.
Which of the 4 blood components pictured above is responsible for
transporting nutrients, hormones, enzymes and salts?
2.
Which blood cell is most numerous in the human blood?
3.
A protein molecule that is attached to RBC is responsible for the blood’s
red color – what is this protein molecule?
4.
What role does hemoglobin play in human transport?
5. Which blood vessel is most easy to locate a pulse within?
6. This persons blood pressure is hypertensive…what does that mean?
7. The brachial artery is being utilized to obtain this patient’s blood pressure – it
is an artery that branches off what major artery leaving the left ventricle of the
human heart?
8. Provide three ways to effectively lower your blood pressure.
9. The cut view of the blood vessel above is a portion of which type of human
blood vessel? How can you tell?
10. The blood cell pictured on the right is responsible for transporting what
important gas?
11. Little pieces of tissue are found inside the walls of the blood vessel pictured
above – what role do they play in the circulatory system?
12. The small cell fragments
pictured at the left are responsible
for clotting blood. What are these
cell fragments called?
13. Where are all of the blood cells
pictured at the left produced?
14. What is the role of a white blood
cell? What would having a high
WBC indicate to a doctor?