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Midterm Review
1. What are the fields of environmental science?
Biology, Chemisty/physics, Earth Science, Social Sciences
2. What are the three major categories of environmental problems?
Pollution, loss of resources, loss of biodiversity
3. When did human population grow rapidly?
Industrial Revolution
4. How did hunter-gathers change their environment?
Overhunted- led to extinction
5. Developed countries often have…
Wealth, more pollution, big ecological footprint, slower population
growth.
6. What are renewable resources?
It can be replaced. Water, wind, solar energy.
7. What is an ecological footprint?
Area of Earth that supports the lifestyle of 1 person in a country
(acres)
8. What is loss of biodiversity?
Losing the variation of species of living things
9. What is the law of supply and demand?
The higher the demand, but the lower the supply it’s worth more
(oil)
10. How did the industrial revolution change society?
Technology, cities, jobs, rapid increase in population, POLLUTION
11. What is artificial selection?
Ex. Dog breeding, breeding with HUMAN interference
12. What is an ecosystem? Give an example.
Living and non-living factors; forest, beach, cities
13. What is a habitat?
Where something lives
14. What is a community?
Different species living in the same environment
15. Why do organisms adapt?
Survival & reproduction
Mutations in DNA cause adaptions
16. What is coevolution?
Two organisms change together, evolve together
CO= together, EVOLVE= change
Ex: hummingbird and flower
17. List two groupings of plants.
Gymnosperms- Cones- pine trees
Angiosperms- flowers and fruit- rose bush
18. How do angiosperms reproduce?
Flowers being pollinated and fruit
19. What are abiotic factors? Examples.
Non- living
rocks, sunlight, water, soil, air, temp
A= non
Bio= living
20. What are biotic factors? Examples.
Living and once living organisms.
Birds, lions, trees, grass, bugs, hair
21. What do deep ocean bacteria use to make food?
Hydrogen sulfide; chemotrophs
22. What is a herbivore? Examples.
Consumers that eat producers. Cow, horse, giraffe
23. What is a producer? Examples?
Organism produces their own food. Plants, algae.
24. What is a carnivore?
Consumer that eats only other consumers. Ex: Lion
25. Cellular respiration requires what to occur?
Sugar + oxygen
26. Photosynthesis requires what to occur?
Water + sunlight + Carbon Dioxide
27. Parasitism is…
One organism benefits, the other is harmed (+,-): parasite kills slowly
Ex: tapeworm
28. Mutualism is…
Both organisms benefit (+,+)
Ex: bacteria in human intestines.
29. Commensalism is…
One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected (+, O)
Orchid and tree
30. Predation is…
One organism benefits, and the other organism is harmed (+,-): kills
immediately
Lion preys on zebras
31. Direct competition is…
Two organisms are fighting for what the same resources
Alligator and a lion fighting for a zebra
32. Indirect competition is…
2 organisms are competing but never come into contact
One hunts at night, one hunts during the day
Owl and snake eat mice at different times of day
33. Populations are…
SAME species in a specific area
34. Give two population examples.
Humans in NY, Zebra in Africa, Deer in Montana, Deer in NJ
35. Populations growth is affected by ?
Limiting factors: Density Independent (natural disaster) and Density
Dependent (Food, resources, predation)
36. How do you find population growth?
Births – Deaths= Growth Rate
37. Exponential growth occurs when
A lot of resources, little or no predators or competition
J shaped curve
38. What happens when predator(hunter) population increases, to the prey
population?
decrease
39. Migration is…
Individuals move from one place another
IMmigration: IN
Emigration: Exit
40. Demographers study…
Human Populations
41. How do you determine the density of a population ?
Number of individuals in a given area
Dispersion: is how individuals are spread out: random, even, clumped
42. Sustainability is…
Enough resources for a species to survive indefinitely
43. List three things that affect birthrates.
Fertility rate, do the offspring survive, disease, female population,
education