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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) By: Kajal Grover Jayasri Vijay Neal Shah What is TSH? • Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH or thyrotropin) • Stimulates thyroid gland to produce Triidotheronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4), which in turn stimulates oxidative respiration How is TSH created? • Hypothalamus produces ThyrotropinReleasing Hormone (TRH) • Triggers the anterior pituitary gland to release TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands Thyroid Gland General Overview of Glands TSH = Peptide-Based Overview • TSH (which is released from the pituitary gland) binds to the TSH receptor on the thyroid cells, activating adenylyl cyclase and cAMP. This stimulates thyroid growth and causes synthesis and the release of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 which stimulates our metabolic rates and are crucial for normal growth and development. TSH Signaling Pathway TSH Signaling Pathway Negative Feedback • T3 and T4 concentrations in blood decrease • Hypothalamus secrets TRH, stimulating TSH secretion from pituitary, which stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxine • Thyroxine acts on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland to inhibit TRH and TSH secretion • Allows homeostasis: keeps thyroxine levels fairly constant to control body’s metabolism Negative Feedback Loop Diagram Negative Feedback Loop Diagram Negative Feedback Example • Example of person lacking iodine in diet: – Thyroid gland can’t produce thyroxine (which contains 4 iodines per molecule) – Thyroxine concentration in blood decreases – Reduced inhibition received by hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland – Causes elevated secretion of TRH and TSH – High levels of TSH stimulates thyroid gland, which swells with products of thyroxine metabolic pathway – Still can’t produce thyroxine without iodine – Consequence: enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) TSH Receptor • Too much TSH binding to the TSH receptor on the thyroid cells will lead to hyperthyroid diseases • Too little TSH binding to these thyroid cells will lead to hypothyroid diseases Diseases • High TSH HYPERTHYROIDISM – Hair loss, coarse texture of the hair, core body temperature increases, sweating, heart beats faster , oily skin, diarrhea , slows down mental development • Graves’ Disease: goiter, nervousness, heat sensitivity, hand tremors, weight loss, fatigue Goiter Diseases • Low TSH Hypothyroidism – Weight gain, faster aging, lower core body temperature, tiredness , hair loss, dry skin, dry constipations, heart beats slower, memory impairment, blood pressure can drop – Myxedema (swelling) of the legs in adults – Cretinism in children: stunted growth and severe mental retardation Myxedema in Legs Diseases How Pathway is Disrupted Works Cited • http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=00223859;year=2011;volume=57;issue=2;spage=141;epage=142;aulast=Hari • http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v6/n4/images/nrc1836-f3.jpg • http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n1/images/nrendo.2009.225-f2.jpg • http://www.taytan.com/goiter.htm • http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-tsh • http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202s.swf • http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/443/454188/st1003.html • http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=pituitary+gland&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=3IVjW2 zxjUhfZM&tbnid=3o237C9_Z4sglM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebiologyzone.wordpress.c om%2F&ei=vBlPUbSBEqS22gWnzYG4DA&bvm=bv.44158598,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFQaKiAHTJuSklgJp5 UphG55QIu3g&ust=1364224753952394 Works Cited • http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=regulation+of+thyroxine+secretion&source=images&c d=&docid=P5L9BMWcR4lBgM&tbnid=apUFgtFBZBbbQM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F% 2Fmoodle.rockyview.ab.ca%2Fmod%2Fbook%2Fprint.php%3Fid%3D58094%26chapterid%3D20 881&ei=6VhPUYyNHouE9QTVg4DgBQ&bvm=bv.44158598,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGjId4dgKuxWywEkXUj4ZhKlQGug&ust=1364240916336685 • http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=thyroid+gland&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=0 zy0sNlJNGWLoM&tbnid=MB90rcicKw2mIM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoc linic.com%2Fhealth%2Fmedical%2FIM01872&ei=aF1PUffmGow8QSh4IFo&bvm=bv.44158598,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHSlalZFMlac5twCu0QxJ4ltrETvQ&ust=136 4242142231717 • http://www.thyroidologists.com/images/Rich/TSH_Medium.png • http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm • http://antranik.org/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-thyrotropin/ • http://drugline.org/img/ail/3153_3176_1.jpg
