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APUSH Unit 5 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it 6. All of the following were similar characteristics was learned that that both Union and Confederate soldiers shared a. Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with except federal troops. a. most soldiers had been farmers or farm b. Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort. laborers. c. the fort's commander was planning to evacuate b. poor unskilled workers were well represented his troops secretly from the fort. among both armies. d. Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand c. most troops were native born. militia troops to form a voluntary Union army. d. almost half were under the age of 22. e. southern support for secession was weakening. e. both shared a common commitment to patriotism. 2. In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln 7. The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil a. relied solely on moral appeal. War was its b. used only totally legal methods. a. military leadership. c. guaranteed that they could keep slavery b. navy. permanently. c. slave population. d. never had to use troops. d. economy. e. used legally dubious methods. e. political system. 3. Lincoln's declaration that the North sought to 8. One reason that the British did not try to break the preserve the Union with or without slavery Union blockade of the South during the Civil War a. came as a disappointment to most Northerners was that and demoralized the Union. a. they feared losing Northern grain shipments. b. revealed the influence of the Border States on b. they did not want to fight against the superior his policies. American navy. c. caused some seceded states to rejoin the Union. c. the British upper class had supported the North d. contradicted the campaign promises of the from the onset of hostilities. Republican party. d. the war caused no economic problems for e. cost him support in the Butternut region of Britain. Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. e. the South resented British interference. 4. During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized 9. The South believed that the British would come to Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day its aid because Oklahoma a. the people in Britain would demand such a. supported the Confederacy. action. b. supported the Union. b. British Canada was strongly hostile to the c. remained neutral. Union. d. gave up their slaves. c. Britain still had slavery in its empire. e. sought admission as a Confederate state. d. the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom's Cabin to be sold in the empire. 5. As the Civil War began, the South seemed to have e. Britain was dependent on Southern cotton. the advantage of a. greater ability to wage offensive warfare. 10. During the Civil War, Britain and the United States b. more talented military leaders. were nearly provoked into war by c. superior industrial capabilities. a. the incompetence of Charles Francis Adams, d. superior transportation facilities. the United States ambassador to London. e. a more united public opinion. b. Britain's refusal to observe the Union's blockade of Southern ports. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. c. the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship. d. Napoleon III's effort to place Maximilian on the Mexican throne. e. British working-class support for the South. Confederate commerce-raiders such as the Alabama a. were of little value. b. proved effective against Union shipping. c. were supplied by the French. d. lasted less than a year. e. operated mostly off the Atlantic coast. France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico a. because the effort proved to be unprofitable. b. when the British pressured them to leave. c. when the American Civil War began. d. because the Mexicans declared independence. e. when the United States threatened to force France to leave. The Southern cause was weakened by a. the concept of states' rights that the Confederacy professed. b. a president, Jefferson Davis, who catered to public opinion and did not work hard at his job. c. the failure of the Southern people to commit to the ideal of Southern independence. d. a lack of sound military leadership. e. the constant threat of slave rebellion. The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North a. had a long-established and fully recognized government. b. had strong political support from Britain and France. c. held firm to states' rights principles. d. was united in the cause of abolitionism. e. had fewer internal political divisions. To fill the army's demand for troops, prior to 1863, the North relied mainly on a. the draft. b. bounty brokers. c. substitute brokers. d. volunteers. e. foreign mercenaries. In Lincoln's attempts to preserve the Union, he did all of the following questionable actions as president except a. proclaimed a blockade of the Southern ports. b. increased the size of the federal army. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. c. suspended the writ of habeas corpus. d. advanced federal funds to private citizens without authorization. e. refused to implement a draft, or conscription law, during the war. During the Civil War, the Union a. launched a new national banking system. b. lowered tariff rates. c. imposed a 10 percent levy on farm produce. d. experienced runaway inflation. e. was plagued by unstable banks. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy a. became more dependent on international trade. b. saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall. c. was notable for its honest and fair business practices. d. experienced considerable unemployment despite military manpower demands. e. greatly expanded its industrial and technological productivity. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored a. postponing military action as long as possible. b. making the Civil War about ending slavery. c. long-term enlistments for Union soldiers. d. quick military action to show the folly of secession. e. seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and (D) the Battle of Antietam. a. B, C, A, D b. D, B, C, A c. C, A, D, B d. A, B, D, C e. A, D, B, C The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because a. Ulysses S. Grant took command of the army immediately after the setback. b. the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war. c. "Stonewall" Jackson was killed. d. it caused Lincoln to declare a war against slavery. e. it allowed European powers the chance to intervene on behalf of the South. 22. After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except a. cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing the Mississippi River. b. marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas. c. blockading the Confederacy's coastline. d. liberating the slaves to undermine the southern economy. e. striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain. 23. The final Union war strategy included all the following components except a. guerrilla warfare. b. a naval blockade. c. undermining the Confederate economy. d. seizing control of the Mississippi River. e. capturing Richmond. 24. The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from a. British navy vessels on loan to the South. b. swift blockade-running steamers. c. the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors. d. the Confederate cruiser Alabama. e. the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia). 25. In invading Maryland, one of Lee's key objectives was to a. show northerners how polished and well-equipped the Confederate army was. b. capture or destroy Union arsenals and railroad lines. c. destroy McClellan's army. d. capture Lincoln and his Cabinet. e. inspire the Border States to rise up and join the Confederacy. 26. A victory at Antietam probably would have won Confederate independence because a. the Union armies were already heavily demoralized. b. France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government. c. the Republicans would have lost the subsequent congressional elections. d. Lincoln would have been unable to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. e. the Border States would have joined the Confederacy. 27. The North's victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to a. issue the Emancipation Proclamation. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. b. seek military assistance from Great Britain. c. force the Border States to remain in the Union. d. keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces. e. suppress Copperhead opposition in the North. Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the a. Union victory over the Confederates at Gettysburg. b. surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox. c. Emancipation Proclamation. d. statutes of the individual states. e. Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of a. reducing desertions from the Union army. b. strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union. c. increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election. d. quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies. e. weakening Confederate morale. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in a. the Border States. b. slave states that remained loyal to the Union. c. United States territories. d. states still in rebellion against the United States. e. areas controlled by the Union army. During the Civil War a. blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. b. Southern armies found no way of utilizing slave labor. c. thousands of slaves rose in armed rebellion behind Southern lines. d. about one out of every four Union troops was black. e. captured black soldiers were treated well by Confederates. African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War a. carried out reprisals against captured slaveowners. b. served mainly in military support units. c. served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties. d. accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. enlistments. e. refused to serve under white officers. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because a. Lee's army was effectively shattered. b. it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in 1864. c. Philadelphia and New York were safe from attack. d. Lee's military genius and right-hand man, Stonewall Jackson, was killed. e. Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed. The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance for all of the following reasons except a. it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade. b. coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost. c. it helped to quell Northern peace agitation. d. it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana. e. it was the last major battle of the Civil War. As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was a. a master of the quick, surprising attack. b. careful to avoid "collateral damage" to civilian lives and property. c. a believer in siege warfare. d. insistent on maintaining strict military discipline among his troops. e. a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale. The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the a. Northern Peace Democrats. b. Radical Republicans. c. Northern War Democrats. d. Union Party. e. African Americans. General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved a. using long-range artillery assaults. b. striking tactically from the flanks. c. assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly. d. destroying the enemy's economy and undermining civilian morale. e. surrounding enemy armies for a long siege. The Civil War resulted in all of the following except a. expanded federal powers of taxation. 39. 40. 41. 42. b. the end of nullification and secession. c. the creation of the first federal social welfare agency. d. the end of slavery. e. the end of protective tariffs and isolationism. In the postwar South a. the economy and social structure was utterly devastated. b. the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence. c. the much-feared inflation never materialized. d. industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish. e. poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery. At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners a. reluctantly supported the federal government. b. were ready to plan a future uprising against the United States. c. declared themselves citizens of their states but not of the United States. d. asked for pardons so that they could once again hold political office and vote. e. still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just. From 1878 to 1880, some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi were known as the Exodusters; they were a. black church leaders who linked emancipation to the Book of Exodus. b. black migrants from the South to Northern cities. c. black freedman who left the South to seek opportunity in Kansas. d. a political organization developed by the freedmen. e. black homesteaders in Oklahoma and Kansas who eventually fled the dust bowl. In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was a. a flawed but necessary agency. b. acceptable only because it also helped poor whites. c. a tolerable compromise with the radical Congress. d. a potential source of Republican patronage jobs. e. a meddlesome agency that should be killed. 43. Andrew Johnson had been put on Lincoln's ticket as vice president in his second term a. because Lincoln's first vice president, Hannibal Hamlin, had displayed southern sympathies. b. to appeal to War Democrats and pro-Union southerners. c. as a safe choice in case Lincoln died in office. d. as a poor white who balanced Lincoln's aristocratic background. e. to appeal to Union soldiers and radical Republicans. 44. In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised a. rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union. b. former slaves the right to vote. c. the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power. d. severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders. e. a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote. 45. ____ believed that the Southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore, "conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever terms Congress demanded. a. War Democrats b. The Supreme Court c. President Lincoln d. President Johnson e. Congressional Republicans 46. President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction a. differed radically from Lincoln's. b. guaranteed former slaves the right to vote. c. required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. d. established literacy tests for voting in the South. e. aimed at swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met. 47. The Black Codes provided for all of the following except a. a ban on jury service by blacks. b. a restriction against black migration from the South. c. a bar on blacks from renting land. d. punishment of blacks for idleness. e. fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts. 48. The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was a. b. c. d. e. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. the creation of the sharecropping system. the attempt to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. the South's regaining control of the Senate. Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed a. citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves. b. land for former slaves. c. voting rights for former Confederates who had previously served in the U.S. Army. d. freed slaves the right to vote. e. education to former slaves. Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that a. federal power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South. b. blacks should be the foundation of the southern Republican party. c. the federal government must become involved in the individual lives of American citizens. d. Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union. e. freed slaves must be granted the right to vote. Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when a. the South accepted the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. b. the last federal troops were removed in 1877. c. President Johnson was not reelected in 1868. d. the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that military tribunals could not try civilians. e. blacks showed they could defend their rights without federal intervention. Radical Reconstruction state governments a. did little of value. b. passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms. c. were more corrupt than Northern state governments. d. had all of their reforms repealed by the all-white "redeemer governments." e. failed to address the issue of education. The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except a. "keep blacks in their place"; that is, subservient to whites. b. prevent blacks from voting. c. keep white "carpetbaggers" from voting. d. support the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871. e. end radical Reconstruction. 54. In 1867, Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he a. commissioned the building of an all-new ironclad navy. b. recognized the independent republic of Hawaii. c. purchased Alaska from Russia. d. acquired the former Dominican Republic as an American territory. e. established friendly relations with the newly independent Dominion of Canada. 55. All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson except a. opposition to abusing the constitutional system of checks and balances. b. concern about the person who would become president. c. fears of creating a destabilizing period. d. Johnson promised to step down as president. e. Johnson's promise to stop obstructing Republican policies. APUSH Unit 5 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. B E B A B B D A E C B E A A D E A E D E B E A E E B A E B D A C E E E A C E A E C 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. E B A E E B E A E B B D C D