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Name __________________________ VOCAB QUIZ- Evolution Chapters 15, 16, & 17 _____ the study of the history of the Earth, especially the Earth’s history as recorded in rock A. B. C. D. E. F. _____ well-supported, testable explanation for phenomena that have occurred in the natural world _____ preserved remains of an ancient organism HYPOTHESIS THEORY ARTIFICIAL SELECTION FOSSIL GEOLOGY EVOLUTION ____ Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms; a change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population _____ Selective breeding; the practice of humans selecting traits they find useful from the variation provided by nature. _____ a possible explanation for a set of observations or a possible answer to a scientific question * * * * * * * * * * _____ competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life * A. B. C. D. E. _____ the idea that individuals better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully, passing on their fitness to their offspring and increasing the fitness of the species over time * * * * COMMON DESCENT SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION STRUGGLE FOR EXISTANCE FITNESS _____ principle that each living species has descended with changes, from other species over time _____ ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment _____ principle that all living things derived from and share common ancestors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _____ an inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival by better suiting an organism to its environment A. B. C. D. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES MUTATION ADAPTATION VESTIGIAL ORGAN _____ structure that is reduced in size and function so that it resembles just a trace of homologous structures in other species _____ structures, like the limbs of vertebrate animals, that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues _____ any change in the DNA sequence that affects the genetic information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ______ process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other ______ pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change A) punctuated equilibrium B) coevolution ______ process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments C) convergent evolution ______ process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways; rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms. ALSO CALLED DIVERGENT EVOLUTION D) adaptive radiation * * * * * * * * * * * * * _____ The effect of natural selection when individuals at one end of the normal distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve A) DISRUPTIVE SELECTION _____ The effect of natural selection when individuals at the extreme ends of the normal distribution curve have higher fitness than those near the center of the curve B) STABILIZING SELECTION _____ The effect of natural selection when individuals near the center of the normal curve of distribution have higher fitness than those at the extreme ends of the population C) DIRECTIONAL SELECTION * Name __________________________ VOCAB QUIZ- Evolution Chapters 15, 16, & 17 _____ the study of the history of the Earth, especially the Earth’s history as recorded in rock A. B. C. D. E. F. _____ well-supported, testable explanation for phenomena that have occurred in the natural world _____ preserved remains of an ancient organism THEORY HYPOTHESIS EVOLUTION ARTIFICIAL SELECTION GEOLOGY FOSSIL ____ Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms; a change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population _____ Selective breeding; the practice of humans selecting traits they find useful from the variation provided by nature. _____ a possible explanation for a set of observations or a possible answer to a scientific question * * * * * * * * * * _____ competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life * A. B. C. D. E. _____ the idea that individuals better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully, passing on their fitness to their offspring and increasing the fitness of the species over time * * * * FITNESS STRUGGLE FOR EXISTANCE COMMON DESCENT DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST _____ principle that each living species has descended with changes, from other species over time _____ ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment _____ principle that all living things derived from and share common ancestors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * _____ an inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival by better suiting an organism to its environment A. B. C. D. VESTIGIAL ORGAN ADAPTATION MUTATION HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES _____ structure that is reduced in size and function so that it resembles just a trace of homologous structures in other species _____ structures, like the limbs of vertebrate animals, that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues _____ any change in the DNA sequence that affects the genetic information * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ______ process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other ______ pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change A) coevolution B) adaptive radiation ______ process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments C) punctuated equilibrium ______ process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways; rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms. ALSO CALLED DIVERGENT EVOLUTION D) convergent evolution * * * * * * * * * * * * * _____ The effect of natural selection when individuals at one end of the normal distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve A) STABILIZING SELECTION _____ The effect of natural selection when individuals at the extreme ends of the normal distribution curve have higher fitness than those near the center of the curve B) DIRECTIONAL SELECTION _____ The effect of natural selection when individuals near the center of the normal curve of distribution have higher fitness than those at the extreme ends of the population C) DISRUPTIVE SELECTION *