Download Chapter 6 Sections 3 and 4 Philip and Alexander

Greece
The Golden Age
Agenda
6.3 Outline
Outline
A. Philip of Macedon
1. 359 B.C. he becomes king of
Macedonia – after being captive in Thebes
as a youth.
2. recruited and organized the best
disciplined army in Macedonian history
3. organized his infantry into phalanxes
( rows of soldiers standing shoulder to
shoulder)
a. they carried pikes or spears that
were about 18 feet long
b. phalanxes were extremely
effective vs. cavalry charges
Outline
A. Philip of Macedon
4. Goals
a. Restore order in Macedon
b. Control Athenian colonies in the
north
c. Conquer all of Greece.
Outline (Continued)
5.
Demosthenes – spoke out against Philip II
a.
b.
6.
tried to get Athens to fight for liberty from Phillip
his attempts failed because the other city states
would not follow and were crushed by Phillip.
Philip defeated Thebes and Athens at the
Battle of Chaeronea which united Greece
under Phillip’s rule.
7.
Philip was assassinated before he could
invade Persia.
8. Philip’s son – Alexander – took over for him
after he died.
Outline (Continued)
B. Alexander the Great (son of Phillip II of
Macedon)
1.
Alexander received the best training
possible
a.
b.
military training in the Macedonian army
formal education from Aristotle
2.
Alexander crushed local rebellions then set
off to conquer the world
3.
completely destroyed Persia by 331 B.C.
and in the process conquered Asia Minor,
Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia
Outline (Concluded)
4.
His goal was to conquer India, but his
troops fought for 4 yrs. and refused to go
any farther
5.
ATG split his army into two groups
a. one sailed west exploring the Persian Gulf
b. ATG led the other half across the desert
(many of his troops died)
6. ATG contracted a fever and died in June
of 323 B.C. before he turned 33
Alexander the Great
C. Beginnings of the Hellenistic World
1. ATG purposely spread the Greek & founded
cities where Greeks/Macedonians lived with the
Persians
2. With the Greeks, Persians, and Macedonians
working together ATG was able to rule much
more efficiently
3. ATG married two Persian women and required
his generals to marry royal Persian women
Alexander the Great
4. ATG also held a mass wedding where
10,000 of his troops married Persian
women
5. Hellenistic culture combined ideas and
values drawn from the Greek, Hellenic,
Mediterranean, and Asia.
6. Hellenistic period lasted from ATG death
to the Roman conquest in 146 BC
Alexander the Great
7. After ATG’s death his generals competed
for his empire
a. 3 generals divided the empire into 3
main kingdoms Macedon, Egypt, and Syria
b. these kingdoms were often at war until
they were conquered by the Romans
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
A.
Learning and Commerce
Greek culture both affected and was
affected by the cultures of those they
conquered.
2. Alexandria, Egypt becomes the center of
Greek trade, education and culture.
3. Education becomes more common.
4. Women have more rights.
1.
Spread of Hellenistic Culture
B. Religion and Philosophy
Loss of identity with “Polis” leads to personal
search for meaning and identity.
2. “Ruler Worship” and mystery religions take
begin to replace traditional Greek religion.
3. Philosophy begins to focus on Ethics.
1.
Religion and Philosophy
B. Religion and Philosophy (cont.)
3. Four schools of philosophy.
a.
b.
c.
Cynicism – live simply and naturally. Don’t worry
about wealth, pleasure or status.
Skepticism – nothing is certain. This should give
peace of mind.
Stoicism (Zeno)
i.
ii.
iii.
Divine Reason (God) directs the universe, so, accept
your fate.
All people have a divine “spark” inside them
Influenced Roman/Christian thinking.
Religion and Philosophy
d. Epicureanism (Epicurus) – seek pleasure
and avoid pain BUT limit desires in order
to avoid suffering.
Science in the Hellenistic Age
C. Mathematics and Physics
Euclid – contributed to development of
geometry. Elements is still the basis for
modern geometry.
2. Archimedes – inventor and scientist. Used
math to explain how levers worked.
Invented compound pulley and the
Archimedes screw.
1.
Science in the Hellenistic Age
D. Medicine
Alexandria, Egypt – center for medical
science
2. Egyptian practice of embalming led to
exploration of parts of human body
3. Herophilus – brain is the center of the
nervous system.
4. Begin to perform delicate surgery.
1.
Science in the Hellenistic Age
E. Astronomy and geography
Aristarchus – believed earth and planets
revolve around the sun (not accepted).
2. Hipparchus – used trigonometry to predict
eclipses and the sun and moon to calculate
the length of the year.
3. Eratosthenes – calculated the circumference
of the earth (very accurate). Chosen to head
the library of Alexandria.
1.